356 U Varshney et al number of hand-held mobile devices reached one billion worldwide, thus exceeding the total of all telephones, computers and set-top boxes. With such wide-scale adoption of wireless devices there are still several issues and limitations in wireless networks These include the amount of bandwidth available, noise and interference, frequency allocation, security, routing(how to maintain communication with mobility and location management(keeping track of the location). These issues are briefly listed in Figure 1 and have been discussed in detail in [1]. Location management issues in wireless networks and in m-commerce are presented in significant detail in [2, 3]. These issues ar likely to affect the design, development, deployment and adoption of wireless solutions 1 Issues in mobile and wireless Location Tracking E Bandwidth M obile and w ireless Networking issues OoS Management Netw ork Con figuration Failure or M alfunctionin MAC: Medium Access Protocol QoS: Quality of Service With wireless becoming a mainstream technology, there is a growing interest in increasing its usage in the enterprise. Support for mobility at user, device and applications levels is a major attraction for many enterprises. It has been known that freeing up users from location restrictions could also lead to a significant productivity gain In todays marketplace, where more and more organisations are decentralised and workers are increasingly more mobile, the ability of an organisation to equip its workforce with access to vital information, anytime and anyplace, is becoming a strategic asset. The concept of anytime,anywhere access to crucial business information is attracting attention among businesses and their increasingly mobile workforce. Therefore, an organisation that is capable of harnessing the power of mobile technologies to automate its business and streamline business processes via mobile applications may reap the benefits of improved productivity, lowered operational cost and increased customer satisfaction. Wireless applications enhance mobile workers' productivity through improved decision making capabilities, less paperwork and reduced cycle times for transactions and billing. The current drivers of mobile applications include sales executives, field technicians, maintenance workers, delivery staff and workers in the areas of healthcare, retail and manufacturing. The competitive advantages that are possible with wireless mobile technology will also require organisations to establish356 U. Varshney et al. number of hand-held mobile devices reached one billion worldwide, thus exceeding the total of all telephones, computers and set-top boxes. With such wide-scale adoption of wireless devices, there are still several issues and limitations in wireless networks. These include the amount of bandwidth available, noise and interference, frequency allocation, security, routing (how to maintain communication with mobility) and location management (keeping track of the location). These issues are briefly listed in Figure 1 and have been discussed in detail in [1]. Location management issues in wireless networks and in m-commerce are presented in significant detail in [2,3]. These issues are likely to affect the design, development, deployment and adoption of wireless solutions. Figure 1 Issues in mobile and wireless systems With wireless becoming a mainstream technology, there is a growing interest in increasing its usage in the enterprise. Support for mobility at user, device and applications levels is a major attraction for many enterprises. It has been known that freeing up users from location restrictions could also lead to a significant productivity gain. In today’s marketplace, where more and more organisations are decentralised and workers are increasingly more mobile, the ability of an organisation to equip its workforce with access to vital information, anytime and anyplace, is becoming a strategic asset. The concept of ‘anytime’, ‘anywhere’ access to crucial business information is attracting attention among businesses and their increasingly mobile workforce. Therefore, an organisation that is capable of harnessing the power of mobile technologies to automate its business and streamline business processes via mobile applications may reap the benefits of improved productivity, lowered operational cost and increased customer satisfaction. Wireless applications enhance mobile workers’ productivity through improved decision making capabilities, less paperwork and reduced cycle times for transactions and billing. The current drivers of mobile applications include sales executives, field technicians, maintenance workers, delivery staff and workers in the areas of healthcare, retail and manufacturing. The competitive advantages that are possible with wireless mobile technology will also require organisations to establish