D0I:10.13374.issn1001-053x.2011.12.015 第33卷第12期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.33 No.12 2011年12月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Dec.2011 红土镍矿含碳团块直接还原生产镍铁粒工艺 黄冬华12)@ 张建良” 林重春”毛 瑞) 1)北京科技大学治金与生态工程学院，北京1000832)北京科技大学期刊中心，北京100083 区通信作者，E-mail:huangdh@usth.cd.cn 摘要以红土镍矿和煤粉复合团块为原料，利用高温直接还原制备镍铁粒.讨论了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、C/0摩尔比和熔剂 加入量对镍、铁品位和回收率以及对镍铁粒质量的影响.当焙烧温度为1350℃，C/0=1.4、焙烧时间为60mi以及石灰石加 入量为20%时，镍、全铁品位分别为9.4%和87.5%，镍、铁回收率分别为96.6%和97.9%.X射线衍射、扫描电镜及能谱分析 表明，镍铁粒中镍、铁基本以合金态存在，碳基本固溶在合金中. 关键词红土镍矿；直接还原：铁：镍 分类号TF556 Production of ferro-nickel granules from nickel laterite ore/coal composite bri- quettes by direct reduction HUANG Dong-hua'2☒，ZHANG Jian-4iamg》,LIN Chong-thun',MAO Rui 1)School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2)Journals Publishing Center,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:huangdh@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Ferro-nickel granules were produced from nickel laterite ore/coal composite briquettes by high-temperature direct reduc- tion.The effects of roasting temperature,roasting time,C/O(carbon/oxygen)molar ratio and fux amount on the grades and recovery rates of nickel and iron as well as on the quality of ferro-nickel granules were studied.The grades of nickel and total iron in the gran- ules are 9.4%and 87.5%and the recovery rates of nickel and iron are 96.6%and 97.9%,respectively,when the roasting tempera- ture is 1350C,the C/O molar ratio is 1.4,the roasting time is 60 min,and the limestone amount is 20%.The ferro-nickel granules were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD)and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)equipped with an energy dispersive spectrom- eter (EDS).The results show that nickel and iron basically exist in alloy state,and carbon is solid-soluted in the alloy. KEY WORDS nickel laterite:direct reduction:iron:nickel 随着我国不锈钢产量的快速增长，对镍的需 层和腐植土层三层组成.褐铁矿层的主要成 求不断增加口.世界镍资源主要有硫化镍矿和红 分（质量分数）为含铁的氧化矿物，镍一般不超过 土镍矿两种.由于不能通过选矿富集、处理工艺复 1.5%,铁高于40%，二氧化硅小于5%，氧化镁小 杂等原因，占世界陆基镍资源72%的红土镍矿仅 于5%，钴含量比较高(Co/Ni≥0.1)，这种矿石宜 产出世界原生镍总产量的42%回.随着世界上可 采用湿法治金工艺处理.腐植土层中硅、镁的含量 经济利用的疏化镍矿资源的日益减少，全球镍资 比较高，铁含量较低，钴含量也较低，镍含量比较 源开发利用重心正逐步向资源相对充裕的红土镍 高，适于火法治炼.中间过渡层可采用湿法或火法 矿转移可 治金工艺的.来自红土镍矿的镍，有70%是用火 红土镍矿的可采部分一般由褐铁矿层、过渡 法治金生产的因.火法治金中比较成熟的工艺主 收稿日期：201104-一12第 33 卷 第 12 期 2011 年 12 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol． 33 No． 12 Dec． 2011 红土镍矿含碳团块直接还原生产镍铁粒工艺 黄冬华1，2) 张建良1) 林重春1) 毛 瑞1) 1) 北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院，北京 100083 2) 北京科技大学期刊中心，北京 100083 通信作者，E-mail: huangdh@ ustb． edu． cn 摘 要 以红土镍矿和煤粉复合团块为原料，利用高温直接还原制备镍铁粒． 讨论了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、C/O 摩尔比和熔剂 加入量对镍、铁品位和回收率以及对镍铁粒质量的影响． 当焙烧温度为 1 350 ℃、C/O = 1. 4、焙烧时间为 60 min 以及石灰石加 入量为 20% 时，镍、全铁品位分别为 9. 4% 和 87. 5% ，镍、铁回收率分别为 96. 6% 和 97. 9% ． X 射线衍射、扫描电镜及能谱分析 表明，镍铁粒中镍、铁基本以合金态存在，碳基本固溶在合金中． 关键词 红土镍矿; 直接还原; 铁; 镍 分类号 TF556 Production of ferro-nickel granules from nickel laterite ore /coal composite bri￾quettes by direct reduction HUANG Dong-hua1，2) ，ZHANG Jian-liang1) ，LIN Chong-chun1) ，MAO Rui 1) 1) School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China 2) Journals Publishing Center，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China Corresponding author，E-mail: huangdh@ ustb． edu． cn ABSTRACT Ferro-nickel granules were produced from nickel laterite ore /coal composite briquettes by high-temperature direct reduc￾tion． The effects of roasting temperature，roasting time，C/O ( carbon /oxygen) molar ratio and flux amount on the grades and recovery rates of nickel and iron as well as on the quality of ferro-nickel granules were studied． The grades of nickel and total iron in the gran￾ules are 9. 4% and 87. 5% and the recovery rates of nickel and iron are 96. 6% and 97. 9% ，respectively，when the roasting tempera￾ture is 1 350 ℃，the C/O molar ratio is 1. 4，the roasting time is 60 min，and the limestone amount is 20% ． The ferro-nickel granules were characterized by X-ray diffraction ( XRD) and scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrom￾eter ( EDS) ． The results show that nickel and iron basically exist in alloy state，and carbon is solid-soluted in the alloy． KEY WORDS nickel laterite; direct reduction; iron; nickel 收稿日期: 2011--04--12 随着我国不锈钢产量的快速增长，对镍的需 求不断增加［1］． 世界镍资源主要有硫化镍矿和红 土镍矿两种． 由于不能通过选矿富集、处理工艺复 杂等原因，占世界陆基镍资源 72% 的红土镍矿仅 产出世界原生镍总产量的 42%［2］． 随着世界上可 经济利用的硫化镍矿资源的日益减少，全球镍资 源开发利用重心正逐步向资源相对充裕的红土镍 矿转移［3］． 红土镍矿的可采部分一般由褐铁矿层、过渡 层和腐植土层三层组成［4--5］． 褐铁矿层的主要成 分( 质量分数) 为含铁的氧化矿物，镍一般不超过 1. 5% ，铁高于 40% ，二氧化硅小于 5% ，氧化镁小 于 5% ，钴含量比较高( Co /Ni≥0. 1) ，这种矿石宜 采用湿法冶金工艺处理． 腐植土层中硅、镁的含量 比较高，铁含量较低，钴含量也较低，镍含量比较 高，适于火法冶炼． 中间过渡层可采用湿法或火法 冶金工艺［5］． 来自红土镍矿的镍，有 70% 是用火 法冶金生产的［6］． 火法冶金中比较成熟的工艺主 DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2011.12.015