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工程科学学报,第37卷,第10期:1338-1343,2015年10月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.37,No.10:1338-1343,October 2015 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2015.10.013;http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 电热合金Cr20Nio的热变形行为及热加工图 李亚敏四,龚乃国 兰州理工大学有色金属合金及加工教有部重点实验室,兰州730050 ☒通信作者,E-mail:leeyamin@163.com 摘要为了解决Cra Nigo电热合金锻造开裂的问题,在Gleb一l500D热模拟试验机上对该合金进行热压缩试验,研究变形 温度为900~1220℃,应变速率为0.001~10s1条件下的热变形行为,并根据动态材料模型建立合金的热加工图.合金的真 应力一真应变曲线呈现稳态流变特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加:热变形过程中稳态流变应力可 用双曲正弦本构方程来描述,其激活能为371.29kJ·ol1.根据热加工图确定了热变形流变失稳区及热变形过程的最佳工 艺参数,其加工温度为1050~1200℃,应变速率为0.03~0.08s.优化的热加工工艺在生产中得到验证 关键词电热合金:铬镍合金:热压缩:热变形:热加工图 分类号TG144:TG146.1·5 Hot deformation behavior and processing maps of Cr2oNiso electrothermal alloy LI Ya-min,GONG Nai-guo Key Laboratory of Non-ferrous Metal Alloys and Processing (Ministry of Education),Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China Corresponding author,E-mail:leeyamin@163.com ABSTRACT To solve the problem of forging cracks,the hot deformation behavior of Cr Niso electrothermal alloy was investigated by compression tests on a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation machine in a temperature range of 900 to 1220C and a strain rate of 0.001 to 10s.The hot processing map of the alloy was established according to the dynamic materials model (DMM).It is found that the true stress-true strain curves have steady-state flow characteristics.The peak stress increases with decreasing deformation temperature or increasing strain rate.The flow behavior is described by a hyperbolic sine constitutive equation,and the activation energy of the alloy is about 371.29kJmol.Based on the processing map,the process of hot deformation in the temperature range at different strain rates can be attained,of which the optimum hot deformation temperature ranges in 1050-1200 C and the strain rate is 0.03- 0.08s",and the instability zones of flow behavior can also be recognized.The optimal hot-working technology is validated to be successful in production. KEY WORDS electrothermal alloys;chromium nickel alloys:hot compression:hot deformation:processing maps Cr,N电热合金是一种铬熔于镍的奥氏体合金,际生产过程中因变形温度和变形速率选择不当,在锻 它具有从室温到融化温度不发生相变的特点,是一种 造过程中容易发生开裂现象. 稳定的固溶体0.同时,该合金还具备高温强度高、高 热加工图为评价材料加工性能优劣的图形,是设 温抗氧化性能好网、加工成型性能优异等诸多特性,是 计、优化材料加工工艺的有效工具.通过热加工图可 制作高质量电热元件的首选材料.目前,该合金已广 以分析出材料在不同温度和不同应变速率下的热变形 泛应用于医疗、化工、电子、电器、治金机械、陶瓷玻璃 行为,并且能够预测出加工过程的“安全区”和“非安 加工等工业的加热设备和民用的加热器具国.然而实 全区”,从而为优化加工工艺参数提供指导.本文 收稿日期:201406-03 基金项目:甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目(1112RZA030)工程科学学报,第 37 卷,第 10 期: 1338--1343,2015 年 10 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol. 37,No. 10: 1338--1343,October 2015 DOI: 10. 13374 /j. issn2095--9389. 2015. 10. 013; http: / /journals. ustb. edu. cn 电热合金 Cr20 Ni80 的热变形行为及热加工图 李亚敏,龚乃国 兰州理工大学有色金属合金及加工教育部重点实验室,兰州 730050  通信作者,E-mail: leeyamin@ 163. com 摘 要 为了解决 Cr20Ni80电热合金锻造开裂的问题,在 Gleeb--1500D 热模拟试验机上对该合金进行热压缩试验,研究变形 温度为 900 ~ 1220 ℃,应变速率为 0. 001 ~ 10 s - 1 条件下的热变形行为,并根据动态材料模型建立合金的热加工图. 合金的真 应力--真应变曲线呈现稳态流变特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加; 热变形过程中稳态流变应力可 用双曲正弦本构方程来描述,其激活能为 371. 29 kJ·mol - 1 . 根据热加工图确定了热变形流变失稳区及热变形过程的最佳工 艺参数,其加工温度为 1050 ~ 1200 ℃,应变速率为 0. 03 ~ 0. 08 s - 1 . 优化的热加工工艺在生产中得到验证. 关键词 电热合金; 铬镍合金; 热压缩; 热变形; 热加工图 分类号 TG144; TG146. 1 + 5 Hot deformation behavior and processing maps of Cr20Ni80 electrothermal alloy LI Ya-min ,GONG Nai-guo Key Laboratory of Non-ferrous Metal Alloys and Processing ( Ministry of Education) ,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China  Corresponding author,E-mail: leeyamin@ 163. com ABSTRACT To solve the problem of forging cracks,the hot deformation behavior of Cr20Ni80 electrothermal alloy was investigated by compression tests on a Gleeble--1500D thermal simulation machine in a temperature range of 900 to 1220 ℃ and a strain rate of 0. 001 to 10 s - 1 . The hot processing map of the alloy was established according to the dynamic materials model ( DMM) . It is found that the true stress--true strain curves have steady-state flow characteristics. The peak stress increases with decreasing deformation temperature or increasing strain rate. The flow behavior is described by a hyperbolic sine constitutive equation,and the activation energy of the alloy is about 371. 29 kJ·mol - 1 . Based on the processing map,the process of hot deformation in the temperature range at different strain rates can be attained,of which the optimum hot deformation temperature ranges in 1050--1200 ℃ and the strain rate is 0. 03-- 0. 08 s - 1 ,and the instability zones of flow behavior can also be recognized. The optimal hot-working technology is validated to be successful in production. KEY WORDS electrothermal alloys; chromium nickel alloys; hot compression; hot deformation; processing maps 收稿日期: 2014--06--03 基金项目: 甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目( 1112RJZA030) Cr20Ni80电热合金是一种铬熔于镍的奥氏体合金, 它具有从室温到融化温度不发生相变的特点,是一种 稳定的固溶体[1]. 同时,该合金还具备高温强度高、高 温抗氧化性能好[2]、加工成型性能优异等诸多特性,是 制作高质量电热元件的首选材料. 目前,该合金已广 泛应用于医疗、化工、电子、电器、冶金机械、陶瓷玻璃 加工等工业的加热设备和民用的加热器具[3]. 然而实 际生产过程中因变形温度和变形速率选择不当,在锻 造过程中容易发生开裂现象. 热加工图为评价材料加工性能优劣的图形,是设 计、优化材料加工工艺的有效工具. 通过热加工图可 以分析出材料在不同温度和不同应变速率下的热变形 行为,并且能够预测出加工过程的“安全区”和“非安 全区”[4--6],从而为优化加工工艺参数提供指导. 本文
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