11. Ask the students to do more practice after class and get ready for presentation during the next session Notes for Teachers Use of english intonation In this unit, we will learn more about English intonation: its functions and uses Intonation and stress work together to express meaning. Intonation makes it easier for a listener to understand what a speaker is trying to convey. Following are often cited as important functions of English intonation The attitudinal function Intonation is used to convey our feelings and attitudes. For instance, the same sentence can be said in different ways, which might be labeled"happy", "grateful angry",bored", and so on. Usually, intonation units with high heads sound more lively, interesting than those with low heads. a few generalisations are often made here: the falling intonation is said to be more often associated with completeness and definiteness; the rising intonation is more often associated with incompleteness and uncertainty or questioning: The falling-rising is said to have feelings of hesitation, contrast reservation or doubt The accentual function The location of the tonic syllable is of considerable linguistic importance. The most common position for this is on the last information word of the intonation unit For contrastive purpose, however, any word may bear the tonic syllable The grammatical function Some sentence may be ambiguous when written, but this can be removed by the use of intonation. An often cited example is the sentence "Those who sold quickly made a profit". This sentence can be said in at least two different ways b./ Those who \/sold , quickly made a diff -glish speakers hear two different paraphrases of the sentences because of the different placement of the tone-unit boundary, as in a. a profit was made by those who sold quickly b. a prof it was quickly made by those who sold Another example is the use of rising tone in statements. The sentence "Theyre going to have a picnic"is usually said as a statement like this a. They 're going to have a \ picnic In informal speech, however, we may he b. They re going to have a /picnic?(But, it's raining outside. The sentence serves as a question here The intonation used in question-tags can have a rising tone or a falling tone a. Theyre coming to \morrow, /aren't they? b. They re coming to \morrow, varen,'t they?11. Ask the students to do more practice after class and get ready for presentation during the next session. Notes for Teachers Use of English Intonation In this unit, we will learn more about English intonation: its functions and uses. Intonation and stress work together to express meaning. Intonation makes it easier for a listener to understand what a speaker is trying to convey. Following are often cited as important functions of English intonation: The attitudinal function Intonation is used to convey our feelings and attitudes. For instance, the same sentence can be said in different ways, which might be labeled "happy", "grateful", "angry", "bored", and so on. Usually, intonation units with high heads sound more lively, interesting than those with low heads. A few generalisations are often made here: the falling intonation is said to be more often associated with completeness and definiteness; the rising intonation is more often associated with incompleteness and uncertainty or questioning; The falling-rising is said to have feelings of hesitation, contrast, reservation or doubt. The accentual function The location of the tonic syllable is of considerable linguistic importance. The most common position for this is on the last information word of the intonation unit. For contrastive purpose, however, any word may bear the tonic syllable. The grammatical function Some sentence may be ambiguous when written, but this can be removed by the use of intonation. An often cited example is the sentence "Those who sold quickly made a profit". This sentence can be said in at least two different ways: a. / Those who sold quickly / made a profit. b. / Those who sold / quickly made a profit. English speakers hear two different paraphrases of the sentences because of the different placement of the tone-unit boundary, as in: a. A profit was made by those who sold quickly. b. A profit was quickly made by those who sold. Another example is the use of rising tone in statements. The sentence "They're going to have a picnic" is usually said as a statement like this: a. They 're going to have a picnic. In informal speech, however, we may hear: b. They're going to have a picnic? (But, it's raining outside.) The sentence serves as a question here. The intonation used in question-tags can have a rising tone or a falling tone: a. They're coming tomorrow, aren't they? b. They're coming tomorrow, aren't they?