z The second law of thermodynamics Spontaneous processes are those which increase the entropy of the universe (i.e. system + surroundings). z Entropy is equal to a measurement of the randomness of a system. The fundamental equations of thermodynamicsz The second law of thermodynamics Spontaneous processes are those which increase the entropy of the universe (i.e. system + surroundings). z Entropy is equal to a measurement of the randomness of a system. The fundamental equations of thermodynamics