T LI mRNA Translation mRNA Ribosome g amino acids Folded proteins enzymes tructural proteins membrane channels hormones Gene: DNA segment needed to make a protein Protein promoter →mRNA Gene Genes are typically 103-104 base pairs in size although they can be much larger. For example, the human dystrophin gene is 2 x 106 base pairs E coli has about 4, 200 genes which isnt very many considering that at least 1,000 different enzymes are needed carry out just the basic biochemical reactions in a cell The smallest genome for a free-living organism (i.e. a cell, not a virus)is that of the bacterium Mycoplasma genetalium which encodes only 467 genes. Humans are at the other end of the spectrum of complexity and have about 35,000 genesTranscription Translation Folded proteins: enzymes structural proteins membrane channels hormones Gene: DNA segment needed to make a protein Genes are typically 103 - 104 base pairs in size although they can be much larger. For example, the human dystrophin gene is 2 x 106 base pairs. E. coli has about 4,200 genes which isn’t very many considering that at least 1,000 different enzymes are needed carry out just the basic biochemical reactions in a cell. The smallest genome for a free-living organism (i.e. a cell, not a virus) is that of the bacterium Mycoplasma genetalium which encodes only 467 genes. Humans are at the other end of the spectrum of complexity and have about 35,000 genes