The Spectrum and Molecular Effects Wavelength(n) Energy Molecular effects higher frequenc m kcal/mol shorter wavelength 10-9 gamma rays 10 10 rays onization vacuum UV 10 near UV electronic transitions 10-4 visible infrared 10-3 molecular vibrations (R) 10 10 microwave 10 4 rotational motion lower frequency radio 10-6 nuclear spin transitions longer wavelengthChapter 12 5 The Spectrum and Molecular Effects => =>