Detection of viruses o Detection methods that are independent on viral infections Do not distinguish between infectious and particles Viruses detected by hemadsorption of human or animal erythrocytes(hemagglutination assay Detection of viral antigens [immunofluorescence; enzyme immunoassay(ElA); radioimmunoassay(RIA) Detection of viral nucleic acids PCR-based detection of unkown viruses nucleic acid n tests(NAATS) Identification of emerging viruses(genechip; high-throughput sequencing) Observation under electron microscope [direct or immune electron microscopy (IEM)Detection of Viruses z Detection methods that are independent on viral infections Detection methods that are independent on viral infections. Do not distinguish between infectious and noninfectious viral particles ¾ Viruses detected by hemadsorption of human or animal erythrocytes (hemagglutination assay ) ¾ Detection of viral antigens [immunofluorescence; enzyme immunoassay (EIA); radioimmunoassay (RIA)] ¾ D t ti f i l l i id Detection of viral nucleic acids „ PCR-based detection of unkown viruses [nucleic acid amp ( )] lification tests (NAATs)] „ Identification of emerging viruses (genechip; high-throughput sequencing) ¾ Observation under electron microscope [direct or immune electron microscopy (IEM)]