358 U Varshney ef al requirements may be supported by one or more wireless technologies. We have identified several requirements, such as wireless access and coverage, security, ease-of-use, devices, dependability, network interoperability and cost. The coverage issues are important as many businesses have been accessing wireline networks with substantial and issue as businesses are unlikely to pi mission-critical data on networks that are not secure or are 'perceived to be insecure. It should be noted that security issues are quite complex in wireless networks, and due to a variety of reasons, strong security has not been implemented yet in all wireless infrastructure. Depending on the type of data and the cost of possible lost, modified and stolen data, a security strategy must be devised and implemented. Another important issue is the lack of interoperability among wireless networks. For each type of wireless network, there are multiple standards, and even if a single standard could be used, nteroperability is not guaranteed as the products and services from different vendors may not work well together. From a user point of view, fewer and better standards allowing access to multiple wireless networks would be much more helpfuL. Another important issue is the overall cost of wireless migration. This should include cost of equipment services, training and other cost related to the transition to or deployment of wireless infrastructure. The important issues related to the introduction of wireless technologies in the enterprise can be divided into multiple sub-categories of applications, wireless infrastructure, business requirements and strategies 2.1 Applications These issues include determining business applications needing mobility support and also the effect of user and data mobility on business applications. Also, some work is necessary in determining the role and suitability of mobile applications in the enterprise environment. With increasing infrastructure for location-based services, the enterprise should be able to utilise location information for business and consumer applications The architecture for mobile applications should be robust and flexible in providing user-friendly mobile solutions that are secure, reliable, scalable and manageable across a wide range of standards and devices 2.2 Wireless infrastructure The issues here are the specific infrastructure requirements and the role of local wireless networks such as wireless LANS, 3G and beyond wireless networks and location-aware infrastructure. One factor that has been an obstacle in widespread deployment of wireless technologies is the existence of multiple un-interoperable' standards and products For example, there are multiple cellular and PCS standards in the USA alone. In local area networks there are two standards and several variations that differ in coverage access and throughput. Therefore organisations will need to implement solutions that work seamlessly across multiple access protocols, devices, bandwidth capabilities, network dependability and quality of service attributes. Also, the problems in wireless networks such as network coverage, non-uniform coverage/spotty coverage, data transmission speeds, security concerns, cost factors and limited authentication capabilities must also be addressed. It should be noted that substantial differences exist among wireless networks. as shown in figure 3, two most desirable attributes, access quality and mobility support, are highly variable across different wireless networks358 U. Varshney et al. requirements may be supported by one or more wireless technologies. We have identified several requirements, such as wireless access and coverage, security, ease-of-use, devices, dependability, network interoperability and cost. The coverage issues are important as many businesses have been accessing wireline networks with substantial and dependable coverage. Security is a major issue as businesses are unlikely to put mission-critical data on networks that are not secure or are ‘perceived’ to be insecure. It should be noted that security issues are quite complex in wireless networks, and due to a variety of reasons, strong security has not been implemented yet in all wireless infrastructure. Depending on the type of data and the cost of possible lost, modified and stolen data, a security strategy must be devised and implemented. Another important issue is the lack of interoperability among wireless networks. For each type of wireless network, there are multiple standards, and even if a single standard could be used, interoperability is not guaranteed as the products and services from different vendors may not work well together. From a user point of view, fewer and better standards allowing access to multiple wireless networks would be much more helpful. Another important issue is the overall cost of wireless migration. This should include cost of equipment, services, training and other cost related to the transition to or deployment of wireless infrastructure. The important issues related to the introduction of wireless technologies in the enterprise can be divided into multiple sub-categories of applications, wireless infrastructure, business requirements and strategies. 2.1 Applications These issues include determining business applications needing mobility support and also the effect of user and data mobility on business applications. Also, some work is necessary in determining the role and suitability of mobile applications in the enterprise environment. With increasing infrastructure for location-based services, the enterprise should be able to utilise location information for business and consumer applications. The architecture for mobile applications should be robust and flexible in providing user-friendly mobile solutions that are secure, reliable, scalable and manageable across a wide range of standards and devices. 2.2 Wireless infrastructure The issues here are the specific infrastructure requirements and the role of local wireless networks such as wireless LANs, ‘3G and beyond’ wireless networks and location-aware infrastructure. One factor that has been an obstacle in widespread deployment of wireless technologies is the existence of multiple ‘un-interoperable’ standards and products. For example, there are multiple cellular and PCS standards in the USA alone. In local area networks, there are two standards and several variations that differ in coverage, access and throughput. Therefore organisations will need to implement solutions that work seamlessly across multiple access protocols, devices, bandwidth capabilities, network dependability and quality of service attributes. Also, the problems in wireless networks such as network coverage, non-uniform coverage/spotty coverage, data transmission speeds, security concerns, cost factors and limited authentication capabilities must also be addressed. It should be noted that substantial differences exist among wireless networks. As shown in Figure 3, two most desirable attributes, access quality and mobility support, are highly variable across different wireless networks