安微医科大学国际教育学院教案与讲稿 Half-life has considerable importance for determining dosing frequency or adjusting doses in a patient. It takes approximately five half-lives for 97%of the drug to be eliminated from the body (regardless of the duration of the half-life). .Clinical situations resulting in changes in drug half-life 3.Bioavailability (F) 4.Clearance(CI) 5.Volume of distribution (Vd) 6.Steady state and Css Just as it takes approximately five half-lives for a drug to be essentially (97%)eliminated,it also requires five half-lives for a drug to reach steady state. Loading dose calculation Maintenance Dose Calculation [Mathematical Basis of Clinical Pharmacokinetics 15min 1.Two types of kinetics,related to the plasma concentration of a drug,describe the rate at which a drug leaves the body. Zero-order kinetics(non linear kinetics) First-order kinetics (linear kinetics) 2.Compartment models One-compartment model Two-compartment model [Effects of renal disease on pharmacokinetics] 15min 1.Effects of renal disease on drug elimination Renal dysfunction:Greatly impairs elimination of drugs primarily excreted by kidney.Some of the causes of renal failure are B.P,Diabetes,Pyelonephritis. ·Uremia 2.Effects of renal disease on drug distribution Impaired renal function is associated with important changes in the binding of some drugs to plasma proteins.In some cases the tissue binding of drugs is also affected. 3.Effects of renal disease on drug absoprtion [Effects of liver disease on pharmacokinetics] 15min 1.Effects of liver disease on pharmacokinetics ·Acute hepatitis Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis Pharmacokinetic consequences of liver cirrhosis 2.Use of therapeutic drugs in patients with liver disease Effects of liver disease on the hepatic elimination of drugs Effects of liver disease on the renal elimination of drugs Effects of liver disease on patient response Modification of drug therapy in patients with liver disease 4安徽医科大学国际教育学院教案与讲稿 4
Half-life has considerable importance for determining dosing frequency or adjusting doses in a patient.
It takes approximately five half-lives for 97% of the drug to be eliminated from the body (regardless of the duration of the half-life).
Clinical situations resulting in changes in drug half-life 3. Bioavailability (F) 4. Clearance (Cl) 5. Volume of distribution (Vd) 6. Steady state and Css
Just as it takes approximately five half-lives for a drug to be essentially (97%) eliminated, it also requires five half-lives for a drug to reach steady state.
Loading dose calculation
Maintenance Dose Calculation [Mathematical Basis of Clinical Pharmacokinetics] 15min 1. Two types of kinetics, related to the plasma concentration of a drug, describe the rate at which a drug leaves the body.
Zero-order kinetics ( non linear kinetics)
First-order kinetics (linear kinetics) 2. Compartment models
One-compartment model
Two-compartment model [Effects of renal disease on pharmacokinetics] 15min 1. Effects of renal disease on drug elimination
Renal dysfunction: Greatly impairs elimination of drugs primarily excreted by kidney. Some of the causes of renal failure are B.P, Diabetes, Pyelonephritis.
Uremia 2. Effects of renal disease on drug distribution Impaired renal function is associated with important changes in the binding of some drugs to plasma proteins. In some cases the tissue binding of drugs is also affected. 3. Effects of renal disease on drug absoprtion [Effects of liver disease on pharmacokinetics] 15min 1. Effects of liver disease on pharmacokinetics
Acute hepatitis
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis
Pharmacokinetic consequences of liver cirrhosis 2. Use of therapeutic drugs in patients with liver disease
Effects of liver disease on the hepatic elimination of drugs
Effects of liver disease on the renal elimination of drugs
Effects of liver disease on patient response
Modification of drug therapy in patients with liver disease