of each other..”应为“ First, no two transmitters within distance4 s of each other..”中译文中也应作相 应改正。 2001 Interdisciplinary contest in Modeling ICM 2001 Problem Our Waterways-An Uncertain Future Zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, are small, fingernail-sized, freshwater mollusks unintentionally introduced to north america via ballast water from a transoceanic vessel. since their introduction in the mid 1980s, they have spread through all of the great Lakes and to an increasing number of inland waterways in the United States and Canada. Zebra mussels colonize on arious surfaces, such as docks, boat hulls, commercial fishing nets, water intake pipes and valves native mollusks and other zebra mussels. Their only known predators, some diving ducks, freshwater drum, carp, and sturgeon, are not numerous enough to have a significant effect on them Zebra mussels have significantly impacted the great Lakes ecosystem and economy. Many communities are trying to control or eliminate these aquatic pests. SOURCE: Great Lakes Sea GrantNetworkhttp://www.sgnis.org Researchers are attempting to identify the environmental variables related to the zebra mussel infestation in North american waterways The relevant factors that may limit or prevent the spread of the zebra mussel are uncertain. You will have access to some reference data to include listings of several chemicals and substances in the water system that may affect the spread of the zebra mussel throughout waterways. add itionally you can assume individual zebra mussels grow at a rate of 15 millimeters per year with a life span between 4-6 years. The typical mussel can filter 1 liter of water each day Requirement A: Discuss environmental factors that could influence the spread of zebra mussels and the mussel population data provided ar. age rovided at Requirement B: Utilizing the chemical data http://www.comap/undergraduate/contests/icm/im ata/Lake Chem.xIs http://www.comap/undergraduate/contests/icm/imagesdata/lakeapopulationl.xls model the population growth of zebra mussels in Lake A. Be sure to review the Information about the collection of the zebra mussel data Requirement C: Utilizing additional data on Lake a from another scientist provided at: tp://www.comap/undergraduate/contests/icm/imagesdata/lakeachem2.xls and additional mussel population data provided at http://www.comap/undergraduate/contests/icm/imagesdata/lakeapopulation2.xls corroborate the reasonableness of your model from Requirement B. As a result of this additional data, adjust your earlier model. Analyze the performance of your model. Discuss the sensitivity of your model Requirement D: Utilizing the Chemical data from two lakes( Lake B and Lake C)in the United States provided at http://www.comap/undergraduate/contests/icm/imagesdata/lakeb.xls and http://www.comap/undergraduate/contests/icm/imagesdata/lakec.xls determine if these lakes are vulnerable to the spread of zebra mussels. Discuss your prediction Requirement E: The community in the vicinity of Lake b(in requirement D)is considering specific policies for the de-icing of road ways near the lake during the winter season. Provide guidance to the local government officials regard ing a policy on inde-icing agents In In your guidance include predictions on the long-term impact of de- icing on the zebra mussel population Requirement F: It has been recommended by a local community in the United States to introduce round goby fish. Zebra mussels are not often eaten by native fish species so they represent dead end ecologically. However, round gobies greater than 100 mm feed almost exclusively on zebra mussels. Ironically, because of habitat destruction, the goby is endangered in its native habitat of the Black and Caspian Seas in Russia. In addition to your technical report, include a carefullyof each other …” 应为“…. First, no two transmitters within distance 4s of each other …” 中译文中也应作相 应改正。 2001 Interdisciplinary Contest in Modeling：ICM 2001 Problem Our Waterways -An Uncertain Future Zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, are small, fingernail-sized, freshwater mollusks unintentionally introduced to North America via ballast water from a transoceanic vessel. Since their introduction in the mid 1980s, they have spread through all of the Great Lakes and to an increasing number of inland waterways in the United States and Canada. Zebra mussels colonize on various surfaces, such as docks, boat hulls, commercial fishing nets, water intake pipes and valves, native mollusks and other zebra mussels. Their only known predators, some diving ducks, freshwater drum, carp, and sturgeon, are not numerous enough to have a significant effect on them. Zebra mussels have significantly impacted the Great Lakes ecosystem and economy. Many communities are trying to control or eliminate these aquatic pests. SOURCE: Great Lakes Sea Grant Network http://www.sgnis.org/. Researchers are attempting to identify the environmental variables related to the zebra mussel infestation in North American waterways. The relevant factors that may limit or prevent the spread of the zebra mussel are uncertain. You will have access to some reference data to include listings of several chemicals and substances in the water system that may affect the spread of the zebra mussel throughout waterways. Additionally, you can assume individual zebra mussels grow at a rate of 15 millimeters per year with a life span between 4 - 6 years. The typical mussel can filter 1 liter of water each day. Requirement A :Discuss environmental factors that could influence the spread of zebra mussels. Requirement B :Utilizing the chemical data provided at: http://www.comap/undergraduate/contests/icm/imagesdata/LakeAChem1.xls, and the mussel population data provided at: http://www.comap/undergraduate/contests/icm/imagesdata/LakeAPopulation1.xls model the population growth of zebra mussels in Lake A. Be sure to review the Information about the collection of the zebra mussel data. Requirement C :Utilizing additional data on Lake A from another scientist provided at: http://www.comap/undergraduate/contests/icm/imagesdata/LakeAChem2.xls and additional mussel population data provided at: http://www.comap/undergraduate/contests/icm/imagesdata/LakeAPopulation2.xls corroborate the reasonableness of your model from Requirement B. As a result of this additional data, adjust your earlier model. Analyze the performance of your model. Discuss the sensitivity of your model. Requirement D :Utilizing the Chemical data from two lakes (Lake B and Lake C) in the United States provided at http://www.comap/undergraduate/contests/icm/imagesdata/LakeB.xls and http://www.comap/undergraduate/contests/icm/imagesdata/LakeC.xls determine if these lakes are vulnerable to the spread of zebra mussels. Discuss your prediction. Requirement E: The community in the vicinity of Lake B (in requirement D) is considering specific policies for the de-icing of roadways near the lake during the winter season. Provide guidance to the local government officials regarding a policy on inde-icing agents.ln In your guidance include predictions on the long-term impact of de-icing on the zebra mussel population. Requirement F: It has been recommended by a local community in the United States to introduce round goby fish. Zebra mussels are not often eaten by native fish species so they represent a dead end ecologically. However, round gobies greater than 100 mm feed almost exclusively on zebra mussels. Ironically, because of habitat destruction, the goby is endangered in its native habitat of the Black and Caspian Seas in Russia. In addition to your technical report, include a carefully