泵：能利用能源驱动离子或分子作热力学的逆向运输；泵的能 量来自能源分子如ATP的水解，或者是光能。（主动运输） Pumps use a source of free energy such as ATP hydrolysis or light absorption to drive the thermodynamically uphill transport of ions or molecules.Pump action is an example of active transport. 载体：不消耗ATP来完成离子或小分子的跨膜运输；使用某种 离子梯度驱动其它物质跨膜运输（如大肠杆菌乳糖载体） Secondary active transport(次级主动运输). Carriers mediate the transport of ions and small molecules across the membrane without consumption of ATP 通道：不用能量，只是允许离子或分子作热力学顺向运输。 Channels,in contrast,enable ions to flow rapidly through membranes in a thermodynamically downhill direction. (passive transport被动运输or facilitated diffusion协助扩散)泵：能利用能源驱动离子或分子作热力学的逆向运输；泵的能 量来自能源分子如ATP的水解，或者是光能。（主动运输） Pumps use a source of free energy such as ATP hydrolysis or light absorption to drive the thermodynamically uphill transport of ions or molecules. Pump action is an example of active transport. 载体：不消耗ATP来完成离子或小分子的跨膜运输；使用某种 离子梯度驱动其它物质跨膜运输（如大肠杆菌乳糖载体）。 Secondary active transport (次级主动运输). Carriers mediate the transport of ions and small molecules across the membrane without consumption of ATP 通道：不用能量，只是允许离子或分子作热力学顺向运输。 Channels, in contrast, enable ions to flow rapidly through membranes in a thermodynamically downhill direction. (passive transport 被动运输 or facilitated diffusion 协助扩散)