Magnetic Disks (Cont.) Earlier generation disks were susceptible to head-crashes Surface of earlier generation disks had metal-oxide coatings which would disintegrate on head crash and damage all data on disk Current generation disks are less susceptible to such disastrous failures,although individual sectors may get corrupted Disk controller-interfaces between the computer system and the disk drive hardware. accepts high-level commands to read or write a sector initiates actions such as moving the disk arm to the right track and actually reading or writing the data Computes and attaches checksums to each sector to verify that data is read back correctly If data is corrupted,with very high probability stored checksum won't match recomputed checksum Ensures successful writing by reading back sector after writing it Performs remapping of bad sectors Database System Concepts-5th Edition,Oct 23,2005. 11.13 ©Silberschat乜，Korth and SudarshanDatabase System Concepts - 5 11.13 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan th Edition, Oct 23, 2005. Magnetic Disks (Cont.) Earlier generation disks were susceptible to head-crashes Surface of earlier generation disks had metal-oxide coatings which would disintegrate on head crash and damage all data on disk Current generation disks are less susceptible to such disastrous failures, although individual sectors may get corrupted Disk controller – interfaces between the computer system and the disk drive hardware. accepts high-level commands to read or write a sector initiates actions such as moving the disk arm to the right track and actually reading or writing the data Computes and attaches checksums to each sector to verify that data is read back correctly  If data is corrupted, with very high probability stored checksum won’t match recomputed checksum Ensures successful writing by reading back sector after writing it Performs remapping of bad sectors