Table of Contents 1. Introduction l. 1 Hydrological Cycle…… 2 Aquifer systems 1. 2. 1 Aquifer, aquitard, and aquiclude 1.2.2 uifer type 1.3 Vertical distribution of groundwater 33346 1. 4 Groundwater flow systems 2. Fundamental Equations of groundwater Flow. 2.1 2.2 Generalization of Darcy's Law 2.3 Equation of continuity 2.4 Basic equations for steady incompressible flow 3578 2.5 Basic equations for non-steady compressible flow Steady groundwater Flow in Aquifers 3.1 Groundwater flow in a confined aquifer. 3.1 Conceptual hydrogeological model 3.1.2 Mathematical model 3.1.3 Analytical solution 3.1.4 3.2 Groundwater Flow in an Unconfined Aquifer. 3.2. 1 Conceptual hydrogeological model 3.2.2 Mathematical model 3.2.3 Analytical solution 3.2.4 Analysis of solution 3.3 Groundwater flow in a semi-confined aquifer. 3.3.1 Conceptual hydrogeological model 3.3.2 Mathematical model 778922234 3.3.3 Analytical solution 3.3.4 Analysis of result 4. Steady Groundwater Flow to Wells 4.1 Groundwater flow to a well in a confined aquifer. 4.1.1 Conceptual hydrogeological model.. 4.1.2 Mathematical model 4. 1.3 Analytical solution 4.1.4 Analysis of results 4.1.5 Application to pumping test 4.2 Groundwater flow to a well in an unconfined aquifer hydrogeological model 4.2.2 Mathematical model 4.2.3 4.2.4 Analysis of results 4.2.5 Application to pumping test 4.3 Groundwater flow to a well in a semi-confined aquifer. hydrogeological mo 4.3.2 Mathematical modelTable of Contents 1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Hydrological Cycle ...........................................................................................................................1 1.2 Aquifer systems................................................................................................................................3 1.2.1 Aquifer, aquitard, and aquiclude ................................................................................................3 1.2.2 Aquifer types..............................................................................................................................3 1.3 Vertical distribution of groundwater .............................................................................................4 1.4 Groundwater flow systems..............................................................................................................6 2. Fundamental Equations of Groundwater Flow.......................................................................................9 2.1 Darcy's Law......................................................................................................................................9 2.2 Generalization of Darcy's Law......................................................................................................13 2.3 Equation of continuity ...................................................................................................................15 2.4 Basic equations for steady incompressible flow...........................................................................17 2.5 Basic equations for non-steady compressible flow ......................................................................18 3. Steady Groundwater Flow in Aquifers...................................................................................................23 3.1 Groundwater flow in a confined aquifer......................................................................................23 3.1.1 Conceptual hydrogeological model..........................................................................................23 3.1.2 Mathematical model.................................................................................................................23 3.1.3 Analytical solution ...................................................................................................................24 3.1.4 Analysis of solution..................................................................................................................25 3.2 Groundwater Flow in an Unconfined Aquifer.............................................................................27 3.2.1 Conceptual hydrogeological model..........................................................................................27 3.2.2 Mathematical model.................................................................................................................27 3.2.3 Analytical solution ...................................................................................................................28 3.2.4 Analysis of solution..................................................................................................................29 3.3 Groundwater flow in a semi-confined aquifer.............................................................................32 3.3.1 Conceptual hydrogeological model..........................................................................................32 3.3.2 Mathematical model.................................................................................................................32 3.3.3 Analytical solution ..................................................................................................................33 3.3.4 Analysis of result......................................................................................................................34 4. Steady Groundwater Flow to Wells ........................................................................................................37 4.1 Groundwater flow to a well in a confined aquifer.......................................................................37 4.1.1 Conceptual hydrogeological model..........................................................................................37 4.1.2 Mathematical model.................................................................................................................37 4.1.3 Analytical solution ...................................................................................................................39 4.1.4 Analysis of results....................................................................................................................40 4.1.5 Application to pumping test .....................................................................................................41 4.2 Groundwater flow to a well in an unconfined aquifer ................................................................43 4.2.1 Conceptual hydrogeological model..........................................................................................43 4.2.2 Mathematical model.................................................................................................................43 4.2.3 Analytical solution ...................................................................................................................44 4.2.4 Analysis of results....................................................................................................................46 4.2.5 Application to pumping test .....................................................................................................46 4.3 Groundwater flow to a well in a semi-confined aquifer..............................................................48 4.3.1 Conceptual hydrogeological model..........................................................................................48 4.3.2 Mathematical model.................................................................................................................48 4.3.3 Analytical solution ...................................................................................................................49 1