102 Aerospace Systems Cary R. Spitzer Daniel a. martinec 102. 1 Avionics Systems Cornelius T Leondes University of California, San Diego Software in Avionics.CNS/ATM. Navigation Equipment Emphasis on Communications.Impact of "Free Flight Abdul Hamid Rana Avionics in the Cabin. Avionics Standards 102.2 Communications Satellite Systems: Applications Satellite Launch. Spacecraft and Systems. Earth Stations. VSAT William Check Communication System· Video· Audio· Second-Generation GE Spacenet 102.1 Avionics Systems Cary R. Spitzer, Daniel A. Martinec, and Cornelius T. Leondes Avionics(aviation electronics) systems perform many functions: (1)for both military and civil aircraft, avionics are used for flight controls, guidance, navigation, communications, and surveillance; and(2)for military aircraft, avionics also may be used for electronic warfare, reconnaissance, fire control, and weapons guidance and control. These functions are achieved by the application of the principles presented in other chapters of nis handbook, e.g., signal processing, electromagnetic, communications, etc. The reader is directed to these chapters for additional information on these topics. This section focuses on the system concepts and issues unique to avionics that provide the traditional functions listed in(1)above. Development of an avionics system follows the traditional systems engineering flow from definition and analysis of the requirements and constraints at increasing level of detail, through detailed design, construction validation, installation, and maintenance. Like some of the other aerospace electronic systems, avionics operate in real time and perform mission-and life-critical functions. These two aspects combine to make avionics system design and verification especially challenging though avionics systems perform many functions, there are three elements common to most systems: data buses, displays, and power. Data buses are the signal interfaces that lead to the high degree of integration found today in many modern avionics systems. Displays are the primary form of crew interface with the aircraft and in an indirect sense, through the display of synoptic information also aid in the integration of systems. Power, of course is the life blood of all electronics The generic processes in a typical avionics system are signal detection and preprocessing, signal fusion, computation, control/display information generation and transmission, and feedback of the response to the control/display information.(Of course, not every system will perform all of these functions. A Modern Example System The B-777 Airplane Information Management System(AIMS)is the first civil transport aircraft application of the integrated, modular avionics concept, similar to that being used in the U.S. Air Force F-22. Figure 102.1 shows the AIMS cabinet with eight modules installed and three spaces for additional modules to be added the AIMS functions are expanded. Figure 102.2 shows the AIMS architecture c 2000 by CRC Press LLC© 2000 by CRC Press LLC 102 Aerospace Systems 102.1 Avionics Systems A Modern Example System • Data Buses • Displays • Power • Software in Avionics • CNS/ATM • Navigation Equipment • Emphasis on Communications • Impact of “Free Flight” • Avionics in the Cabin • Avionics Standards 102.2 Communications Satellite Systems: Applications Satellite Launch • Spacecraft and Systems • Earth Stations • VSAT Communication System • Video • Audio • Second-Generation Systems 102.1 Avionics Systems Cary R. Spitzer, Daniel A. Martinec, and Cornelius T. Leondes Avionics (aviation electronics) systems perform many functions: (1) for both military and civil aircraft, avionics are used for flight controls, guidance, navigation, communications, and surveillance; and (2) for military aircraft, avionics also may be used for electronic warfare, reconnaissance, fire control, and weapons guidance and control. These functions are achieved by the application of the principles presented in other chapters of this handbook, e.g., signal processing, electromagnetic, communications, etc. The reader is directed to these chapters for additional information on these topics. This section focuses on the system concepts and issues unique to avionics that provide the traditional functions listed in (1) above. Development of an avionics system follows the traditional systems engineering flow from definition and analysis of the requirements and constraints at increasing level of detail, through detailed design, construction, validation, installation, and maintenance. Like some of the other aerospace electronic systems, avionics operate in real time and perform mission- and life-critical functions. These two aspects combine to make avionics system design and verification especially challenging. Although avionics systems perform many functions, there are three elements common to most systems: data buses, displays, and power. Data buses are the signal interfaces that lead to the high degree of integration found today in many modern avionics systems. Displays are the primary form of crew interface with the aircraft and, in an indirect sense, through the display of synoptic information also aid in the integration of systems. Power, of course, is the life blood of all electronics. The generic processes in a typical avionics system are signal detection and preprocessing, signal fusion, computation, control/display information generation and transmission, and feedback of the response to the control/display information. (Of course, not every system will perform all of these functions.) A Modern Example System The B-777 Airplane Information Management System (AIMS) is the first civil transport aircraft application of the integrated, modular avionics concept, similar to that being used in the U.S. Air Force F-22. Figure 102.1 shows the AIMS cabinet with eight modules installed and three spaces for additional modules to be added as the AIMS functions are expanded. Figure 102.2 shows the AIMS architecture. Cary R. Spitzer AvioniCon Inc. Daniel A. Martinec Aeronautical Radio, Inc. Cornelius T. Leondes University of California, San Diego Abdul Hamid Rana GE LogistiCom William Check GE Spacenet