References H Armbruster,"Blueprint for future telecommunications, Telcom Report International, vol. 13, no 1, Pp 5-8, 1990 H Bauch, Transmission systems for B-ISDN, IEEE LTS, Magazine of Lightwave Telecommunication, voL.2,no H. Baur,Technological perspective of telecommunications for the nineties, Integration, Interoperation and Interconnection: This Way to Global Services, Proceedings of the Technical Symposium, Geneva, part 2, vol. w. Fischer, O. Fundneider, E - H. Goeldner, and K.A. Lutz, A scalable ATM switching system architecture, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol 9, no. 8, PP. 1299-1307, 1991 E. H. Goldner and M N. Huber, Multiple access for B-ISDN, " IEEE LTS, Magazine of Lightwave Telecommu nication, vol. 2, no 3, Pp. 37-43, 1991 R Handel and M.N. Huber, " Customer network configurations and generic flow control, International Journal of Digital and Analog Communication Systems, vol. 4, no 2, PP. 117-122, 1991a. R Handel and M.N. Huber, Integrated Broadband Networks--An Introduction to ATM-Based Networks, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1991b. M.N. Huber, V. Frantzen, and G. Maegerl,"Proposed evolutionary paths for B-ISDN signalling, Proceedings of the XIv International Switching Symposium, Yokohama, vol 1, Pp. 334-338, 1992. B Schaffer, ATM switching in the developing telecommunication network, Proceedings of the XIlI International Switching Symposium, vol. 1, Pp. 105-110, 1990 G Wiest, "More intelligence and flexibility for communication network--Challenges for tomorrow's switching ystems," Proceedings of the XIll International Switching Symposium, vol 5, PP. 201-204, 1990 Furthe oration CCITT Recommendations and CCITT Draft Recommendations concerning B-ISDN (parts of F, G, I and Q series), which are published by the International Telecommunication Union. Journals of the IEEE Communication Society(Communications Magazine, Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, LTS: Magazine of Lightwave Telecommunication, Networks, Transactions on Communications), which are published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc International Journal of Digital and Analog Communication System, which is published by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. eedings of international conferences such as GLOBECOM, INFOCOM, International Conference Communications, International Conference on Computer Communication, International Switching Sympo- sium, International Symposium on Subscriber Loops and Services, and International Teletraffic Congres a detailed description of ISDN is given in ISDN--The Integrated Services Digital Network- Concepts, Methods, Systems, by P. Bocker, published by Springer-Verlag. 72.2 Computer Communication Networks . N. daigle A computer communication network is a collection of applications hosted on different machines and inter- connected by an infrastructure that provides communications among the communicating entities. while the s an application. In fact, one or all of the"applications"that are communicating may be human beings. 8 applications are generally understood to be computer programs, the generic model includes the human bei This section summarizes the major characteristics of computer communication networks. The objective is to provide a concise introduction that will allow the reader to gain an understanding of the key distinguishing characteristics of the major classes of networks that exist today and some of the issues involved in the intro- duction of emerging technologies There are a significant number of well-recognized books in this area. Among these are the excellent texts by Schwartz [ 1987], Tanenbaum [1988], and Spragins [1991], which have enjoyed wide acceptance by both students and practicing engineers and cover most of the general aspects of computer communication networks. Stallings e 2000 by CRC Press LLC© 2000 by CRC Press LLC References H.Armbrüster, “Blueprint for future telecommunications,”Telcom Report International, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 5–8, 1990. H. Bauch, “Transmission systems for B-ISDN,” IEEE LTS, Magazine of Lightwave Telecommunication, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 31–36, 1991. H. Baur, “Technological perspective of telecommunications for the nineties,” Integration, Interoperation and Interconnection: This Way to Global Services, Proceedings of the Technical Symposium, Geneva, part 2, vol. 1 paper 1.1, 1991. W. Fischer, O. Fundneider, E.-H. Goeldner, and K.A. Lutz, “A scalable ATM switching system architecture,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1299–1307, 1991. E.-H. Göldner and M.N. Huber, “Multiple access for B-ISDN,” IEEE LTS, Magazine of Lightwave Telecommu￾nication, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 37–43, 1991. R. Händel and M.N. Huber, “Customer network configurations and generic flow control,” International Journal of Digital and Analog Communication Systems, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 117–122, 1991a. R. Händel and M.N.Huber,Integrated Broadband Networks — An Introduction to ATM-Based Networks,Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1991b. M.N. Huber, V. Frantzen, and G. Maegerl, “Proposed evolutionary paths for B-ISDN signalling,” Proceedings of the XIV International Switching Symposium, Yokohama, vol. 1, pp. 334–338, 1992. B. Schaffer, “ATM switching in the developing telecommunication network,”Proceedings of the XIII International Switching Symposium, vol. 1, pp. 105–110, 1990. G. Wiest, “More intelligence and flexibility for communication network—Challenges for tomorrow’s switching systems,” Proceedings of the XIII International Switching Symposium, vol. 5, pp. 201–204, 1990. Further Information CCITT Recommendations and CCITT Draft Recommendations concerning B-ISDN (parts of F, G, I and Q series), which are published by the International Telecommunication Union. Journals of the IEEE Communication Society (Communications Magazine, Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, LTS: Magazine of Lightwave Telecommunication, Networks, Transactions on Communications), which are published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. International Journal of Digital and Analog Communication System, which is published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Proceedings of international conferences such as GLOBECOM, INFOCOM, International Conference on Communications, International Conference on Computer Communication, International Switching Sympo￾sium, International Symposium on Subscriber Loops and Services, and International Teletraffic Congress. A detailed description of ISDN is given in ISDN—The Integrated Services Digital Network— Concepts, Methods, Systems, by P. Bocker, published by Springer-Verlag. 72.2 Computer Communication Networks J. N. Daigle A computer communication network is a collection of applications hosted on different machines and inter￾connected by an infrastructure that provides communications among the communicating entities. While the applications are generally understood to be computer programs, the generic model includes the human being as an application. In fact, one or all of the “applications’’ that are communicating may be human beings. This section summarizes the major characteristics of computer communication networks. The objective is to provide a concise introduction that will allow the reader to gain an understanding of the key distinguishing characteristics of the major classes of networks that exist today and some of the issues involved in the intro￾duction of emerging technologies. There are a significant number of well-recognized books in this area. Among these are the excellent texts by Schwartz [1987],Tanenbaum [1988], and Spragins [1991], which have enjoyed wide acceptance by both students and practicing engineers and cover most of the general aspects of computer communication networks. Stallings