am boldt and D. Tamlyn TABLE 4 Content included in death education (n = 65) Nursing Medicine United United Canada Kingdom Content % % Family needs %4647 23851878350444 821878 228218785834 Pain/symptom control Role health professional 21 78 17 74 4 Spiritual issues 17817741172 7415655836 Ethical issues 197019836100556 Hospice movement 17631983466 Cultural diversity 17631 Death anx 17631774466556 Dying with AIDs 165915653502 22 gal issues 15561774583556 Gender issues 114112520 there was a greater emphasis on the hospice movement and the topic of body image in U.K. programs. Medical programs in both countries addressed similar content, with Canadian programs placing greater emphasis on the topics of loss and grief, ethical issues, and the role of the health professional. Gender issues were reported as a content area only in the United Kingdom The specific theorists most frequ ently cited as being used by Canadian nursing programs were Kubler-Ross(52%), Aries (19%), Saunders(15%), and Engel(11%). Stress adaptation and coping theories were also identified as being used by several pro grams (15%). Can adian medical programs most frequently reported using the work of Kubler-Ross(33%). In the United Kingdom, nursing programs most often reported using the theo- retical approaches of Kubler-Ross(57%), Parkes(44%),Worden (22%), and Saunders(13%). Only one medical program in theth e re was a g re ate r e m p h asis o n th e h o sp ic e m o vem e n t an d th e to pic of bo dy im ag e in U.K. prog ram s. Me d ical p ro gram s in both c o u n trie s ad d r e ss e d sim ilar c o n te n t, with Can ad ian p ro g ram s p lac in g g re ate r e m p h asis o n th e to p ic s o f lo ss an d g rie f, e th ic al issu e s, an d th e ro le of th e h e alth p rofe ssion al. Ge n d e r issu e s were re po rte d as a co n te n t are a o n ly in th e Un ite d Kin gdo m . Th e sp e cific th e o rists m o st fre qu e n tly c ite d as be in g u se d by Can ad ian n u rsin g p ro g ram s we r e Ku b le r-Ro ss ( 52% ) , Arie s ( 19% ) , Saun de rs ( 15%) , an d En g e l ( 11% ) . Stre ss adap tatio n an d cop in g th e orie s we re also id e n ti® e d as be in g u se d by se ve ral pro- g r am s ( 15% ) . Can ad ian m e d ic al p ro g r am s m o st fre q u e n tly r e p o rte d u sin g th e wo r k o f Ku b le r-Ro ss ( 33% ) . In th e Un ite d Kin gd o m , n ursin g p ro g ram s m o st ofte n re p o rte d u sin g th e th e o￾re tical ap p ro ach e s o f Ku ble r-Ro ss ( 57% ) , Park e s ( 44% ) , Wo rd e n ( 22% ) , an d Sau n d e rs ( 13% ) . O n ly o n e m e d ic al p ro g ram in th e 182 B . D o w n e-W am bold t a n d D . Ta m lyn