第7期 武冬青等:新加坡固体废物循环利用于填海造地技术的研究进展 l181 [22] European Committee for Standardization. CEN/TS 14429 solid earthy and stony building and waste materials- leaching test characterisation of waste- leaching behaviour tests-influence of pH determination of the leaching of inorganic components from compac Committee centc 292. 2005 Netherlands Normalisation Institute Stane [23] United States Environmental Protection Agency. US EPA Method [27] WU Dongqing, XU Wenyu, TJUAR R Improvements of marine clay 1311 toxicity characteristic leaching procedure [S]. washingto slurries using chemical-physical combined method(CPCM)[J] DC, the United States; Environmental Protection Agency, 1992. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2015, 7 [24] European Committee for Standardization. EN 12457-1:2002 220-225. characterization of waste-leaching-compliance test for leaching of [28] QUEK A, XU Wenyu, GUO Lin, et al. Heavy metal removal from granular waste materials and sludges. Part 1: one stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 W/kg for materials with high solid content seawater[ J]. International Joumal of Waste Resources, 2016,6 and with particles size below 4 mm [S].Brussels: Technical Committee CEN/TC 292-2002. 29] ARENAS C G, MARRERO M, LEIVA C, et al. High fire resistance [25] European Committee for Standardization. EN 12457-2: 2002 n blocks containing coal combustion fly ashes and bottom ash[J] characterization of waste-leaching- compliance test for leaching of Waste Management, 2011, 31: 1783-1789. granular waste materials and sludges. Part 2: one stage batch test at [30] CHEN Yingliang, KO M S, LAI Y C, et al. Hydration and leaching a liquid to solid ratio of 10 L/kg for materials with high solid characteristics of cement pastes made from electroplating sludge content and with particles size below 4 mm[S].Brussels: Technical [J]. Waste Management, 2011, 31: 1357-1363 Committee CEN/TC 292. 2002 [26] Dutch Environmental Ageney NEN 7347 leaching characteristics of (责任编辑:周巧富)第 ７ 期 武冬青等:新加坡固体废物循环利用于填海造地技术的研究进展 [２２] Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ Ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅ ｆｏｒ Ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｉｚａｔｉｏｎ. ＣＥＮ∕ＴＳ １４４２９ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｗａｓｔｅ￣ ｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｕｒ ｔｅｓｔｓ￣ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｐＨ ｏｎ ｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ｗｉｔｈ ｉｎｉｔｉａｌ ａｃｉｄ∕ｂａｓｅ ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ[ Ｓ].Ｂｒｕｓｓｅｌｓ:Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌ Ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅ ＣＥＮ∕ＴＣ ２９２ꎬ２００５. [２３] Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ Ｓｔａｔｅｓ Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ Ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ａｇｅｎｃｙ. ＵＳ ＥＰＡ Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ １３１１ ｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃ ｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅ [ Ｓ ]. Ｗａｓｈｉｎｇｔｏｎ ＤＣꎬｔｈｅ Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ Ｓｔａｔｅｓ:Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ Ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ａｇｅｎｃｙꎬ１９９２. [２４] Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ Ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅ ｆｏｒ Ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｉｚａｔｉｏｎ. ＥＮ １２４５７￣１: ２００２ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｗａｓｔｅ￣ｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇ￣ｃｏｍｐｌｉａｎｃｅ ｔｅｓｔ ｆｏｒ ｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ｏｆ ｇｒａｎｕｌａｒ ｗａｓｔｅ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ ａｎｄ ｓｌｕｄｇｅｓ.Ｐａｒｔ １:ｏｎｅ ｓｔａｇｅ ｂａｔｃｈ ｔｅｓｔ ａｔ ａ ｌｉｑｕｉｄ ｔｏ ｓｏｌｉｄ ｒａｔｉｏ ｏｆ ２ Ｌ∕ｋｇ ｆｏｒ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｈｉｇｈ ｓｏｌｉｄ ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ ａｎｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ ｓｉｚｅ ｂｅｌｏｗ ４ ｍｍ [ Ｓ ]. Ｂｒｕｓｓｅｌｓ: Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌ Ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅ ＣＥＮ∕ＴＣ ２９２ꎬ２００２. [２５] Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ Ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅ ｆｏｒ Ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｉｚａｔｉｏｎ. ＥＮ １２４５７￣２: ２００２ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｗａｓｔｅ￣ｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇ￣ｃｏｍｐｌｉａｎｃｅ ｔｅｓｔ ｆｏｒ ｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ｏｆ ｇｒａｎｕｌａｒ ｗａｓｔｅ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ ａｎｄ ｓｌｕｄｇｅｓ.Ｐａｒｔ ２:ｏｎｅ ｓｔａｇｅ ｂａｔｃｈ ｔｅｓｔ ａｔ ａ ｌｉｑｕｉｄ ｔｏ ｓｏｌｉｄ ｒａｔｉｏ ｏｆ １０ Ｌ∕ｋｇ ｆｏｒ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｈｉｇｈ ｓｏｌｉｄ ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ ａｎｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ ｓｉｚｅ ｂｅｌｏｗ ４ ｍｍ[Ｓ].Ｂｒｕｓｓｅｌｓ:Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌ Ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅ ＣＥＮ∕ＴＣ ２９２ꎬ２００２. [２６] Ｄｕｔｃｈ Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ Ａｇｅｎｃｙ.ＮＥＮ ７３４７ ｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ ｏｆ ｓｏｌｉｄ ｅａｒｔｈｙ ａｎｄ ｓｔｏｎｙ ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｗａｓｔｅ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ￣ｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ｔｅｓｔ￣ ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ｏｆ ｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃ ｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓ ｆｒｏｍ ｃｏｍｐａｃｔｅｄ ｇｒａｎｕｌａｒ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ [ Ｓ ]. Ｄｅｌｆｔꎬ ｔｈｅ Ｎｅｔｈｅｒｌａｎｄｓ: Ｎｅｔｈｅｒｌａｎｄｓ Ｎｏｒｍａｌｉｓａｔｉｏｎ Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ Ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄꎬ２００４. [２７] ＷＵ ＤｏｎｇｑｉｎｇꎬＸＵ ＷｅｎｙｕꎬＴＪＵＡＲ Ｒ.Ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ ｏｆ ｍａｒｉｎｅ ｃｌａｙ ｓｌｕｒｒｉｅｓ ｕｓｉｎｇ ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ￣ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ( ＣＰＣＭ) [ Ｊ]. Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｒｏｃｋ Ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ ａｎｄ Ｇｅｏｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌ Ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇꎬ２０１５ꎬ７: ２２０￣２２５. [２８] ＱＵＥＫ ＡꎬＸＵ ＷｅｎｙｕꎬＧＵＯ Ｌｉｎꎬ ｅｔ ａｌ. Ｈｅａｖｙ ｍｅｔａｌ ｒｅｍｏｖａｌ ｆｒｏｍ ｉｎｃｉｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｂｏｔｔｏｍ ａｓｈ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｗａｓｈｉｎｇ ｗｉｔｈ ｒａｉｎｗａｔｅｒ ａｎｄ ｓｅａｗａｔｅｒ[ Ｊ ]. Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｗａｓｔｅ Ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓꎬ ２０１６ꎬ ６ (１):１￣９. [２９] ＡＲＥＮＡＳ Ｃ ＧꎬＭＡＲＲＥＲＯ ＭꎬＬＥＩＶＡ Ｃꎬｅｔ ａｌ.Ｈｉｇｈ ｆｉｒｅ ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ｉｎ ｂｌｏｃｋｓ ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇ ｃｏａｌ ｃｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎ ｆｌｙ ａｓｈｅｓ ａｎｄ ｂｏｔｔｏｍ ａｓｈ[Ｊ]. Ｗａｓｔｅ Ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔꎬ２０１１ꎬ３１:１７８３￣１７８９. [３０] ＣＨＥＮ ＹｉｎｇｌｉａｎｇꎬＫＯ Ｍ ＳꎬＬＡＩ Ｙ Ｃꎬｅｔ ａｌ.Ｈｙｄｒａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ ｏｆ ｃｅｍｅｎｔ ｐａｓｔｅｓ ｍａｄｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｐｌａｔｉｎｇ ｓｌｕｄｇｅ [Ｊ].Ｗａｓｔｅ Ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔꎬ２０１１ꎬ３１:１３５７￣１３６３. (责任编辑:周巧富) １１８１