Other policies a the use of trade barbarian affairs"-trading equals to foreign relations a trade boycott for manipulating the barbarian -to use the lure of trade and profit and thus to appease them and avoid military contlict Treaty signed, treaty ports, underestimate Westerner powers To use the people to control the barbarians -"Heaven sees as the people see''-anti-Christianity, xenophobia he foreigners could be manoeuvred into opposing one another- using barbarians to control barbarians Problem: a deep-rooted intellectual-institutional inertia conservative, and lost the two decades after the Opium WarOther Policies Other Policies „ the use of trade ( the use of trade (“barbarian affairs barbarian affairs ” – trading equals to foreign trading equals to foreign relations) relations) „ A trade boycott for manipulating the barbarian A trade boycott for manipulating the barbarian – to use the lure to use the lure of trade and profit and thus to appease them and avoid military of trade and profit and thus to appease them and avoid military conflict. conflict. „ Treaty signed, treaty ports, underestimate Westerner powers Treaty signed, treaty ports, underestimate Westerner powers „ To use the people to control the barbarians To use the people to control the barbarians – “Heaven sees as Heaven sees as the people see the people see ” – anti -Christianity, xenophobia Christianity, xenophobia „ The foreigners could be The foreigners could be manoeuvred manoeuvred into opposing one another into opposing one another– using barbarians to control barbarians using barbarians to control barbarians „ Problem: a deep Problem: a deep -rooted intellectual rooted intellectual-institutional inertia, institutional inertia, conservative, and lost the two decades after the Opium War conservative, and lost the two decades after the Opium War