The chromosomes in dividing somatic cells go through Mitosis Nucleos plication -Ey>nyy The net result of mitosis is to distribute a replica of each chromosome into the two daughter cells The stages of mitosis are as follows iNterphase. DNA replication i) Prophase Chromosomes condense and centromeres attach to microtubule spindle iin) Metaphase. Chromosomes align iv Anaphase. Sister chromatids move apart v)Telophase. Nuclei reform Microtubule S Inale Sister -Cohesin Chromatids Centromere The cell has evolved a simple mechanical mechanism to insure that after mitosis each daughter cell has received exactly one copy of each chromosome.( Failure of proper chromosome segregation is known as nondisjunction). The steps in the mechanism are as follows: 1)After DNa replication two daughter chromosomes known as sister chromatids are held together by special proteins known as cohesins. 2) As chromosomes align in metaphase microtubule spindles attach to centromeres on each chromatid. 3)Once all o the chromatids are attached to spindles a protease known as separase becomes active (Actually unattached chromatids produce a signal to keep separase inactive and only when every chromatid pair is under tension generated by spindles pulling in opposite directions is the inhibitory signal turned off. )4)Finally, active separase cleaves the cohesin pro teins detaching sister chromatids and allowing them be pulled apart by the spindle to be distributed to different daughter cellsThe chromosomes in dividing somatic cells go through Mitosis Mitosis: The net result of mitosis is to distribute a replica of each chromosome into the two daughter cells. The stages of mitosis are as follows: i) Interphase. DNA replication ii) Prophase.Chromosomes condense and centromeres attach to microtubule spindle iii) Metaphase. Chromosomes align iv) Anaphase. Sister chromatids move apart v) Telophase. Nuclei reform The cell has evolved a simple mechanical mechanism to insure that after mitosis each daughter cell has received exactly one copy of each chromosome. (Failure of proper chromosome segregation is known as nondisjunction). The steps in the mechanism are as follows: 1) After DNA replication two daughter chromosomes known as sister chromatids are held together by special proteins known as cohesins. 2) As chromosomes align in metaphase microtubule spindles attach to centromeres on each chromatid. 3) Once all of the chromatids are attached to spindles a protease known as separase becomes active (Actually unattached chromatids produce a signal to keep separase inactive and only when every chromaitid pair is under tension generated by spindles pulling in opposite directions is the inhibitory signal turned off.) 4) Finally, active separase cleaves the cohesin pro￾teins detaching sister chromatids and allowing them be pulled apart by the spindle to be distributed to different daughter cells