Journal of the American Ceramic Sociery--He er al Vol 87. No. 3 V. Conclusions iJ. H Choi, J, H Jang, and S M. Oh, "Microstructure and Cathodic Performance of Lan Ste MnO Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Composite Electrodes, Electrochim We have shown that it is possible to fabricate composite oxides 867-74(200 f YSZ with LSM or LSC by impregnation of a porous YsZ by Take oxides for the Cathode in Solid- Oxide Fuel Cells, "Electrochemistry. 68 Y. Tu, M. B. Phillipps, N Imanishi, and O. Yamamoto. 01764-70(200 or LSC. The LSM and LSC perovskite phases are formed at 1A. Mitterdorfer and L J. Gauckler. "La Zr, 0, Formation and Oxygen Reduction temperatures below 1073 K, a temperature low enough to avoid 185-218(1998 he LaossSto is Mn, O, O (g)YSZ system. "Solid State Ionics, 111 [3-41 solid-state reactions with the YsZ. The structure of the LSM-YSZ K. Murata and M. Shimotsu. "Yttrium-Substituted (La, Y Sr)MnO, as a SOFC and LSC-YSZ composites made by impregnation is shown to be Cathode Material. "/. Ceram. Soc. Jpn, 110 [71 618-21(200 very different from composites made by mixing the oxide phases. Park, J. M. Vohs, and R. J. Gorte, "Direct Oxidation of Hydrocarbons in a allowing reasonable electronic conductivities to be observed at Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell, Nature(London), 404 [161 265-67(2000) relatively low concentrations of the conductive oxide. These R. J Gorte, S. Park, J M Vohs, and C. Wang,"Anodes for Direct Oxidation of Dry Hydrocarbons in a Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell. Adv, Mater., 12 [ 19].1465-69(2000) composite oxides show promise for application as SoFC S, Park, R. Craciun, J. M. Vohs, and R. J. Gorte, "Direct Oxidation of electrodes Hydrocarbons in a Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell: I Methane Oxidation. "J. Electrochem Soc,14611013603-605(199 References J. V Here, R. Ihringer, R. V. Cavieres, L. Constantin, and O. Bucheli 2H. Kim, S. D. Park. J. M. Vohs, and R. Gorte, "Direct Oxidation of Liquid Cells with Screen-Printed Cathodes. "J. En Fuels in a Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell, "J. Electrochem So, 148 17) A693-A695(2001) R. Doshi. C B. Alcodk. N. Gunasi Karan, and J. J. Carberry. "Carbon Monoxid Li, Y. S. Xie, J. H Gong. Y. F Chen, and Z T. Zhang. wM212(20)h“MmbB5 and Methane Oxidation Properties of Oxide Solid Solution Catalysts, J. Catal. 140 Materials for SOFC Anodes by Bufter-So 21557-63(1993 J H Lee. H. Moon, H W. Lee, J. Kim, J D. Kim, and K H. Yoon. " Quantitative Lanthanum Che Van Herle. and A. I. McEvoy, "Stability of Calcium-Substituted Used as SoFC Anodes for Methane Analysis of Microstructure and Its Related Electrical Property of SOFC Anode, Ni-YSZ Cermet. Solid State ionics, 148 1-21 15-26 (20X02) Cern.Soc.,1916-71897-902(1999 CM. Weston and I. S. Metcafe, "Lao, Sr,, Cou a Fea,O, as an Anode for Direct 4J. W. Yan. Z G. Lu. Y. Jiang. Y. L. Dong. C. Y. Yu, and W. Z Li. "Fabrication Methane Activation in SOFCs, Solid State ionics, 113-115 [1-41247-51(1998) and Testing of a Doped Lanthanum Gallate Electrolyte Thin-Film Solid-Oxide Fuck B. D. Madsen, 2. Ji, and S. A. BametL,"A Fuel- Flexible Ceramic-Based Cell, J. Electrochem. Soc., 149 191 A1132-A1135 (2002) Anode for Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells, "Electrochem Solid-State Lett., 5 16 A122-A J H. Koh, Y.S. Yoo, J. W. Park, and H, C. Lim, "Carbon Deposition and Cell Performance of Ni-YSZ Anode Support SOFC with Methane Fuel, SoNid State C. W. Tanner, K. Z Fung, and A. v. Virkar"The Effect of Porous Composite tonics.,14913-41157-66(2002 Electrode Structure on Solid- Oxide Fuel Cell Performance. I. Theoretical Analysis, S. P. Jiang, J. G. Love, and Y. Ramprakash,"Electrode Behaviour at (La. J. Electrochem. Soc., 144 11] 21-30(1997) rochemical Impedance Spectroscopy K Kleveland, M-A. Einarsrud C. R. Schmidt. S. Shamsili, S. Faalaend. K. wiik, and T Grande, "Reactions between Strontium-Substituted Lanthanum Manganite and cci,R. Bozzo, G. Cerisola. and P. Costamagna. "Characterisation of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia: Il, Diffusion Couples. ". Am. Cerum. Soc. 82 131729-34 soA P Simmer, J F. Bonnett. N L Canfield, K. D Meinhardt. J. P Shelton, V, L Sprenkle, and J, w. Stevenson, "Development of Lanthanum Ferrite SOFC Cath- N. T. Hart. N. P. Brandon. M. J. Day, and N. Lapena-Rey "Functionally Graded odes, " J. Power Sources, 113, 1-10(2003) omposite Cathodes for Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells, "J. Power Sources, 106 11-2142-50 R. Chiba, F. Yoshimura, and Y. Sakurai, "Properties of La- Sr, Ni, Fe, O, as a D. Herbstrilt, A. Weber, and E. Ivers-Tiffee, "Modelling and DC-Polarisatio nree- Dimensional Electrode/Electrolyte Interface."J. Eur Cer. So 21 T Colomer, B C. H. Steele, and J. A Kilner, " Structural and Electrochemical 10-111813-16(2001 Properties of the SrosCeo Feo Co, 1O,A Perovskite as Cathode Material for L Kindermann, D Das. H. Nickel, K Hilpert, CC. Appel and F w ITSOFCs, Solid State Ionics, 147, 41-48 (2002 hemical Compatibility of (La, Cao 4), Feo M, O, with Yitria-Stabilized Zirco S P, Sinner, I. F. Bonnett. N. L Canfield, K. D Meinhardt, V. L Sprenkle, and nia. "J. Electrochem. Soc., 144[21 717-20(1997) J. w. Stevenson, "Optimized Lanthanum Ferrite-Based Cathodes for Anode- Perovskite-Type Oxide Lao Ca, Cr)- Co, O, with Y, O,Stabilized Zro,"Mryor 2H. Kamata. A Hosaka, J. Mizusaki, and H. Tagawa. "Chemical Comp Res.Ba.3061679-87(1995) Microstructure on Activation and Concentration Polarizations in Solid-Oxide Fuel G. Stochniol, E. Syskakis, and A Naoumidis, "Chemical Compatibility between Cells, Solid State Ionics, 131|1-21189-98(2000 Strontium-Doped Lanthanum Manganite and Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia, J. Am .H. Kim. C. daRosa, M. Boaro, J. M. Vohs, and R. J. Gorte,"Fabrieation of Ceran.Soc,78141929-32(1995 Highly Porous YSZ by Acid Leaching Ni from a Ni-YSZ Cermet, "J.A. Ceram C. Kostogloudis, G. Tsiniarakis, and C. Flikos, "Chemical Reactivity of Soce,85|61473-76(2002) Perovskite Oxide SOFC Cathodes and Yttria- Stabilized Zirconia, " Solid State lonie eM. Boaro, J. M. Vohs, and R. J. Gorte. ""Synthesis of Highly Porous YSZ by 3s|-41529-35(2000 Tape-Casting Methods,"/ Am. Cera. SoMe. 86, 395-400(2003). 3. D. Kim. G. D, Kim J, w. Moon, Y I Park, W. H Lee. K Kobayashi, M O. A. Marina. N L Canfield, and w. Stevenson, Thermal. Electrical and Nagai, and C E Kim, "Characterization of LSM-YSZ Composite Electrode by Ac Electrocatalytical Properties of Lanthanum-Doped Strontium Titanate, Solid State mpedance Spectroscopy, "Solid State ionics, 143 1341 379-89(2001). tonics.1491-2121-28(2002)