s It culminated in the civil war which began in 1642. In the year of 1649. charles I was beheaded, and monarchy was abolished And the Commonwealth of England Scotland, and Ireland(1653-1658)was established with oliver cromwell. lord Protector, as the leader of the government This period is named the Protectorate(摄政 时期)。 Cromwell died in1658, and Charles I was restored to the throne in 1660. t is called the Restoration period in English history❖ It culminated in the civil war which began in 1642. In the year of 1649, Charles I was beheaded, and monarchy was abolished. And the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1653-1658) was established with Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector, as the leader of the government. This period is named the Protectorate (摄政 时期)。 Cromwell died in 1658, and Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660. It is called the Restoration period in English history