广 义相对论 Ruv-38mv Ro=-Thv d2=R2{dr211-r2)+r2(d02+sin20dp2)} Einstein ↓↓ dl2=R(t)2{dr2/1-m2)+r2(d02+sin20dp2)} Friedmann a(t)=R(t)/R(to)=R(t)/Ro,ao=a(to)=1 0=0,p=0,dl=R(t)dr/V1-a2{ /(1 ) ( sin )} Einstein 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 dl  R dr  r  r d  d 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0, 0, ( ) / 1 ( ) ( )/ ( ) ( )/ , ( ) 1 ( ) { /(1 ) ( sin )} Friedmann dl R t dr kr a t R t R t R t R a a t dl R t dr kr r d d                     R gR T c G 4 8 2 1   