80 人口研究 32卷 换个角度思考，由于我们的研究是针对群体（如无子女老年群体、有子女老年群体）的研究，反映 的是大致的、总体的情况，实际上掩盖了个体的差异。在现实生活中，不乏经济、健康水平高和自我保 障能力强的无子女老人，相反也必然存在子女数量虽然多，但子女供养能力有限的有子女老人，因此 加强自我养老保障能力依然是应对老年期风险的有效途径。 参考文献： 】郭志刚，张恺悌.对子女数在老年人家庭供养中作用的再检验.人口研究，1996：2 2《人口研究》编样部.时成年独生子女意外伤亡家庭问题的深层思考.人口研究，2004：】 3 Koropeckyj-Cox.Beyond parental status:Psychological well-being in middle and old age,Joumal of Marriage and Family,2002,VoL.64 (November),957-971. 4 Hogan&Eggebeen.Sources of emergency help and routine assistance in old age,Social Forces,1995.Vol.73(3) 917-936. 5 Zhang Hayward.Childlessness and the psychological well-being of older persons,The Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences,2001,56B(5),S311-S320. 6 Alexander,B B.,Rubinstein.R.L.,Goodman,M,&Luborsky,M..A path not taken:A cultural analysis of regrets and childlessness in the lives of older women.The Gerontologist,1992,Vol32,618-626. 7 MeMullin,J.A.,&Marshall,V.W.Family,friends,stress and well-being:Does childlessness make a differ- ence?Canadian Journal on Aging,1996,15,355-373. 8 Ross Peters,The Mental Health of the Childless Elderly:Social Networks Support Their Quality of Life,2003,ht- tp://www.coag.uvic.ca/documents/research_snapshots/The_Mental_Health_Childless_Elderly.htm 9原新.独生子女家庭的养老支持一从人口学视角的分析.人口研究，2004：5 10 McGarry,K.,&Schoeni,R.F.Social security,economic growth and the rise in elderly widows:Independence in the 20th century.Demography,2000,Vol37,221-236. 11 National Research Council.Preparing for an Aging World:The Case for Cross-National Research,Panel on a Re- search Agenda and New Data for an Aging World,Committee on Population and Committee on National Statistics, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,2001,Washington,DC:National Academy Press. 12 Giranda,M.,Luk,J.E.&Atchison,K.A.Social networks of elders without children.Journal of Gerontolog- ical Social Work,1999,VoL 3,63-83. 13 Dumas,J.&Belanger,A.Report on the demographic situation in Canada 1996,1997,Ottawa:Statistics Cana- da. 14费孝通.乡土中国，生有制度.北京大学出版社，1998 15程振武.全面建设小康社会与全面解决人口问题.人口研究，2003：1 16 Dixon,R.B.Late marriage and non-marriage as demographic responses:Are they similar?Population Studies, 1978,32,449-466. 17 Kreager,P.Where are the children?In P.Kreager&E.Schr?der-Butterfill (Eds.)Ageing without children: European and Asian perspectives,2004,pp.1-45,Oxford,UK,and New York:Berghahn Books. 18 Rubinstein,R.L Childless elderly:Theoretical perspectives and practical concerns.Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology,1987,2,1-14. 19徐斌.“丁克”家庭的社会学考察.广西社会科学，2005：1 20 Weiguo Zhang Guiping Liu.Childlessness,Psychological Well-being,and Life Satisfaction Among the Elderly in China,Journal of Cross-cultural Gerontology,2007,22,185-203. （责任编辑：宋严收稿时间：2008一03) 万方数据80 人口研究 32卷 换个角度思考，由于我们的研究是针对群体(如无子女老年群体、有子女老年群体)的研究，反映 的是大致的、总体的情况，实际上掩盖了个体的差异。在现实生活中，不乏经济、健康水平高和自我保 障能力强的无子女老人，相反也必然存在子女数量虽然多，但子女供养能力有限的有子女老人，因此 加强自我养老保障能力依然是应对老年期风险的有效途径。 参考文献： 1郭志刚，张恺悌．对子女数在老年人家庭供养中作用的再检验．人口研究，1996；2 2《人口研究》编辑部．对成年独生子女意外伤亡家庭问题的深层思考．人口研究，2004；1 3 Koropeekyj--Cox．Beyond parental status：Psychological well--being in middle and old age，Journal of Marriage aM Family，2002，VoL 64(November)，957—971． 4 Hogan＆Eggebeen．Sources of emergency help and routine assistance in old age，Social Forces，1995，VoL 73(3) 917—936． 5 Zhang&Hayward．Childlessness and the psychological well--being of older persons，The Journals of Gerontology： Social Sciences。2001，56B(5)，s311一S320． 6 Alexander，13．t3．，Rubinstein，R L，CKx)dman，姚，&Luborsky，M．A path not taken：A cultural analysis of regrets and childlessness in the lives of older women．The Gerontologist，1992，Vol32。618--626． 7 McMullin，J。八，＆Marshall，v．w．Family，friends，stress and well--being：Does childlessness make adiffer￾ence?Canadian Journal on Aging，1996，15，355--373． 8 Ross Peters，The Mental Health of the Childless Elderly：Social Networks Support Their Quality of Life，2003。ht— tp：／／www．coag．uvic．ca／documents／research snapshots／The_MentakHealth_Childless_Elderly．htm 9原新。独生子女家庭的养老支持——从人口学视角的分析。人口研究，2004；5 10 McGarry，l(．，&Schoeni，R F．Social security，economic growth and the rise in elderly widows：Independence in the 20th century．Demography。2000，Vol37，221--236． 11 National Research Council Preparing for an Aging World：The Case for Cross--National Research，Panel On aRe￾search Agenda and New Data for an Aging World，Committee on Population and Committee on National Statistics， Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education，2001，Washington，DC：National Academy Press． 12 Giranda，M，Luk，J．E，&Atchison，l(．八SOeial networks of elders without children．Journal of Gerontolog￾ical Social Work，1999，VOL 3，63--83． 13 Dumas，J．&Belanger，A Report on the demographic situation in Canada 1996，1997，Ottawa：Statistics Cana￾d也 14费孝通．乡土中国，生育制度．北京大学出版社，1998 15翟振武．全面建设小康社会与全面解决人口问题．人口研究，2003；1 16 Dixon，R 13．Late marriage and non--marriage aS demographic responses：Are they similar?Population Studies， 1978，32。449--466． 17 Kreager。P．Where are the children?In P．Kreager&E Schr?der—Butterfill(Eds．)，Ageing without children： European and Asian perspectives，2004，pp．1—45，Oxford，UK，and New York：Berghahn Books． 18 Rubinstein，R L Childless elderly：Theoretical perspectives and practical concerns．Journal of Cross--Cultural Gerontology，1987，2，1—14． 19徐斌．“丁克”家庭的社会学考察．广西社会科学，2005；1 20 Weiguo 2】nang＆Guiping Liu．Childlessness，Psychological Well--being，and Life Satisfaction Among the Elderly in China，Journal of Cross--cultural Gerontology，2007，22，185—203． (责任编辑：宋严收稿时间：2008--03) 万方数据