工程科学学报，第38卷，第6期：760-766,2016年6月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.38,No.6:760-766,June 2016 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2016.06.003:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 含碳酸盐脉石氧化铜矿的酸浸动力学 吴爱祥，胡凯建，王贻明⑧，王少勇，徐恒 北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教有部重点实验室，北京100083 ☒通信作者，E-mail:ustbwym@126.com 摘要针对碳酸盐脉石对氧化铜矿旷酸浸动力学的影响进行探讨，研究了温度、酸度、矿石粒径、液固质量比、振荡速度等因 素对含碳酸盐脉石氧化铜矿浸出的影响.结果表明，高温、高酸度、高液固质量比、小粒径和高振荡速度利于矿石的浸出，但 碳酸盐脉石使得酸耗增加.考虑浸出成本确定合理的浸出条件为温度303K、酸度35gL'、矿石粒径0.074-0.125mm、液固 质量比3：1以及振荡速度180rmin1,浸出180min后铜浸出率达53.6%.对浸出前后矿石表面形貌进行分析.结果显示碳 酸盐脉石与酸反应后在矿石表面形成CS0,2H,0沉淀，覆盖在颗粒表面，限制了矿石颗粒孔裂隙的发育.基于收缩未反应 核模型对浸出动力学进行分析，发现碳酸盐脉石反应生成的沉淀阻碍了浸出反应，固体产物层扩散为浸出反应的控制步骤， 反应的表观活化能为8.65 kJ*mol-1 关键词铜矿处理：氧化铜：碳酸盐：表面形貌：沉淀：浸出动力学 分类号TF803.2 Leaching kinetic of copper oxide ore containing carbonate gangue in the acid condition WU Ai-xiang,HU Kai-jian,WANG Yi-ming,WANG Shao-yong,XU Heng Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083.China Corresponding author,E-mail:ustbwym@126.com ABSTRACT This article is focused on the leaching kinetic of copper oxide ore containing carbonate gangue.The effects of tempera- ture,acid concentration,particle size,liquid-to-solid ratio and stirring rate on leaching of the copper oxide ore were determined.The results show that high temperature,high acid concentration,high liquid-to-solid ratio,low particle size and high stirring rate benefit the copper leaching.However,the carbonate gangue leads to a high consumption of acid.In consideration of leaching cost,the proper leaching condition is the temperature of 303K,acid concentration of 35gL,particle size of 0.074-0.125 mm,liquid-to-solid ratio of 3:1,and stirring rate of 180min.After leaching for 180 min,the copper leaching rate reaches 53.6%.The morphologies of the ore surface before and after leaching were investigated and the results reveal that the carbonate gangue dissolves in the acid solution and CaSO2H2O precipitation forms on the ore surface,which limits the development of porosity and cracks.Based on the shrinking core model,the leaching kinetic was analyzed.It is found that the precipitation on the ore surface hinders the leaching reaction.The diffusion across the product layer is the rate-controlling step and the activation energy is determined to be 8.65kJmol KEY WORDS copper ore treatment:copper oxide:carbonates:surface morphology;precipitation:leaching kinetics 浸出技术以其低成本、低污染、工艺简单、效益显 氧化铜矿浸出铜的技术越来越受到关注网.国内外学 著等优势广泛应用于处理低品位矿石以及复杂难处理 者对于氧化铜矿石浸出提铜技术做了大量的研 矿石Ⅲ.近年来，随着高品位硫化铜矿的不断消耗，从究B,硫酸与氨作为浸出剂被广泛应用于氧化铜的 收稿日期：2015-10-20 基金项目：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAB08B02):国家自然科学基金资助项目(51304011,51374035)工程科学学报，第 38 卷，第 6 期: 760--766，2016 年 6 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering，Vol． 38，No． 6: 760--766，June 2016 DOI: 10． 13374 /j． issn2095--9389． 2016． 06． 003; http: / /journals． ustb． edu． cn 含碳酸盐脉石氧化铜矿的酸浸动力学 吴爱祥，胡凯建，王贻明，王少勇，徐 恒 北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室，北京 100083  通信作者，E-mail: ustbwym@ 126． com 摘 要 针对碳酸盐脉石对氧化铜矿酸浸动力学的影响进行探讨，研究了温度、酸度、矿石粒径、液固质量比、振荡速度等因 素对含碳酸盐脉石氧化铜矿浸出的影响． 结果表明，高温、高酸度、高液固质量比、小粒径和高振荡速度利于矿石的浸出，但 碳酸盐脉石使得酸耗增加． 考虑浸出成本确定合理的浸出条件为温度 303 K、酸度 35 g·L － 1、矿石粒径 0. 074 ～ 0. 125 mm、液固 质量比 3∶ 1以及振荡速度 180 r·min － 1，浸出 180 min 后铜浸出率达 53. 6% ． 对浸出前后矿石表面形貌进行分析． 结果显示碳 酸盐脉石与酸反应后在矿石表面形成 CaSO4 ·2H2O 沉淀，覆盖在颗粒表面，限制了矿石颗粒孔裂隙的发育． 基于收缩未反应 核模型对浸出动力学进行分析，发现碳酸盐脉石反应生成的沉淀阻碍了浸出反应，固体产物层扩散为浸出反应的控制步骤， 反应的表观活化能为 8. 65 kJ·mol － 1 ． 关键词 铜矿处理; 氧化铜; 碳酸盐; 表面形貌; 沉淀; 浸出动力学 分类号 TF803. 2 Leaching kinetic of copper oxide ore containing carbonate gangue in the acid condition WU Ai-xiang，HU Kai-jian，WANG Yi-ming ，WANG Shao-yong，XU Heng Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China  Corresponding author，E-mail: ustbwym@ 126． com ABSTＲACT This article is focused on the leaching kinetic of copper oxide ore containing carbonate gangue． The effects of tempera￾ture，acid concentration，particle size，liquid-to-solid ratio and stirring rate on leaching of the copper oxide ore were determined． The results show that high temperature，high acid concentration，high liquid-to-solid ratio，low particle size and high stirring rate benefit the copper leaching． However，the carbonate gangue leads to a high consumption of acid． In consideration of leaching cost，the proper leaching condition is the temperature of 303 K，acid concentration of 35 g·L － 1，particle size of 0. 074--0. 125 mm，liquid-to-solid ratio of 3∶ 1，and stirring rate of 180 r·min － 1 ． After leaching for 180 min，the copper leaching rate reaches 53. 6% ． The morphologies of the ore surface before and after leaching were investigated and the results reveal that the carbonate gangue dissolves in the acid solution and CaSO4 ·2H2O precipitation forms on the ore surface，which limits the development of porosity and cracks． Based on the shrinking core model，the leaching kinetic was analyzed． It is found that the precipitation on the ore surface hinders the leaching reaction． The diffusion across the product layer is the rate-controlling step and the activation energy is determined to be 8. 65 kJ·mol － 1 ． KEY WOＲDS copper ore treatment; copper oxide; carbonates; surface morphology; precipitation; leaching kinetics 收稿日期: 2015--10--20 基金项目: “十二五”国家科技支撑计划资助项目( 2012BAB08B02) ; 国家自然科学基金资助项目( 51304011，51374035) 浸出技术以其低成本、低污染、工艺简单、效益显 著等优势广泛应用于处理低品位矿石以及复杂难处理 矿石［1］． 近年来，随着高品位硫化铜矿的不断消耗，从 氧化铜矿浸出铜的技术越来越受到关注［2］． 国内外学 者对 于 氧 化 铜 矿 石 浸 出 提 铜 技 术 做 了 大 量 的 研 究［3--6］，硫酸与氨作为浸出剂被广泛应用于氧化铜的