perfection is unattainablemust approximate They ustrate several important points aboutAl Games are fun to work on (and dangerous) Can generatend searchatree f informantate Proper analysis ...Proper analysis * Intuition that the value of an action is the average of its values in all actual states is WRONG With partial observability, value of an action depends on the information state or belief state the agent is in Can generate and search a tree of information states Leads to rational behaviors such as ♦ Acting to obtain information ♦ Signalling to one’s partner ♦ Acting randomly to minimize information disclosure Chapter 6 37 Summary Games are fun to work on! (and dangerous) They illustrate several important points about AI ♦ perfection is unattainable ⇒ must approximate ♦ good idea to think about what to think about ♦ uncertainty constrains the assignment of values to states ♦ optimal decisions depend on information state, not real state Games are to AI as grand prix racing is to automobile design Chapter 6 38