工程科学学报，第40卷，第12期：1525-1532,2018年12月 Chinese Joural of Engineering,Vol.40,No.12:1525-1532,December 2018 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2018.12.011;http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 焊接速度对机器人搅拌摩擦焊AA7B04铝合金接头组 织和力学性能的影响 张 坤”，江海涛)四，孟强”，唐荻”，蔺宏涛) 1)北京航空制造工程研究所中航工业航空连接技术重点实验室，北京100024 2)北京科技大学工程技术研究院，北京100083 ☒通信作者，E-mail:jianght@usth.cdu.cm 摘要针对熔化焊在焊接AA704铝合金时易在焊缝中出现孔洞等缺陷，且接头性能下降明显、焊后变形大，以及采用铆接 等机械连接方式会增加连接件的重量等问题，采用集成了搅拌摩擦焊末端执行器的KUKA Titan机器人对2mm厚AA7BO4高 强铝合金进行了焊接，在转速为800r·mi的条件下，研究了焊度对焊接过程中搅拌头3个方向的受力F,、F,和F,的影响. 研究发现，F受焊速的影响显著，随焊速的增加而降低.利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、拉伸试验、三点弯曲试验和硬度测 试等方法，研究了不同焊速下AA7B04铝合金接头的微观组织和力学性能.结果表明：当焊速为100mm·min时，接头的抗拉 强度最高为447MPa,可达母材的80%，且所有接头的正弯和背弯180°均无裂纹：接头横截面的硬度分布呈W型，硬度最低点 出现在热力影响区和焊核区的交界处，焊速不同会导致不同的焊接热循环，且随着焊速的增加接头的硬度随之增加：焊核区 组织发生了动态再结晶，生成了细小的等轴晶粒，前进侧和后退侧热力影响区的晶粒均发生了明显的变形；前进侧热影响区 析出)'相，后退侧热影响区因温度较高析出)相和尺寸较大的η相. 关键词机器人；搅拌摩擦焊；焊接速度；微观组织；力学性能 分类号TG456.9 Effect of the welding speed on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of robotic friction stir welded AA7B04 aluminum alloy ZHANG Kun),JIANG Hai-tao2,MENG Qiang,TANG Di),LIN Hong-tao2) 1)Aviation Joining Technology Key Lab of Aviation Industry Corporation of China,Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing and Technology Research Institute, Beijing 100024,China 2)Institute of Engineering Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083.China Corresponding author,E-mail:jianght@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT For weld defects such as holes,debasement of the joint properties and large deformations easily appear in fusion weld- ing of the AA7B04 aluminum alloy,and the use of mechanical connections such as riveting increases the weight of the connector.Here- in,a 2-mm AA7B04 aluminum alloy was friction stir welded using an industrial KUKA Titan Robot,with a friction stir welding end ef- fector mounted onto the robot.The F,F,,and F:forces of the tool during welding were recorded,and the resultant mechanical strength and microstructure of the joints were studied.The results show that welding speed imposes a great influence on F.The micro- structure and mechanical properties at different welding speeds of a friction stir welded joint of an AA7B04 aluminum alloy sheet were investigated via optical microscope observation,transmission electron microscope observation,a tensile test,a three-point bending test, and a hardness test.The results show that the maximum tensile strength of the joint is 447 MPa for a welding speed of 100mmmin-, equivalent to 80%of the parent metal.No crack is observed in the joints when bending at 180.W-shape hardness distribution is ob- 收稿日期：2017-11-29 基金项目：中航工业集团创新基金资助项目(2014E62541)工程科学学报,第 40 卷,第 12 期:1525鄄鄄1532,2018 年 12 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 40, No. 12: 1525鄄鄄1532, December 2018 DOI: 10. 13374 / j. issn2095鄄鄄9389. 2018. 12. 011; http: / / journals. ustb. edu. cn 焊接速度对机器人搅拌摩擦焊 AA7B04 铝合金接头组 织和力学性能的影响 张 坤1) , 江海涛2) 苣 , 孟 强1) , 唐 荻2) , 蔺宏涛2) 1) 北京航空制造工程研究所中航工业航空连接技术重点实验室, 北京 100024 2) 北京科技大学工程技术研究院, 北京 100083 苣通信作者, E鄄mail: jianght@ ustb. edu. cn 摘 要 针对熔化焊在焊接 AA7B04 铝合金时易在焊缝中出现孔洞等缺陷,且接头性能下降明显、焊后变形大,以及采用铆接 等机械连接方式会增加连接件的重量等问题,采用集成了搅拌摩擦焊末端执行器的 KUKA Titan 机器人对 2 mm 厚 AA7B04 高 强铝合金进行了焊接,在转速为 800 r·min - 1的条件下,研究了焊度对焊接过程中搅拌头 3 个方向的受力 Fx、Fy和 Fz的影响. 研究发现,Fz受焊速的影响显著,随焊速的增加而降低. 利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、拉伸试验、三点弯曲试验和硬度测 试等方法,研究了不同焊速下 AA7B04 铝合金接头的微观组织和力学性能. 结果表明:当焊速为 100 mm·min - 1时,接头的抗拉 强度最高为 447 MPa,可达母材的 80% ,且所有接头的正弯和背弯 180毅均无裂纹;接头横截面的硬度分布呈 W 型,硬度最低点 出现在热力影响区和焊核区的交界处,焊速不同会导致不同的焊接热循环,且随着焊速的增加接头的硬度随之增加;焊核区 组织发生了动态再结晶,生成了细小的等轴晶粒,前进侧和后退侧热力影响区的晶粒均发生了明显的变形;前进侧热影响区 析出 浊忆相,后退侧热影响区因温度较高析出 浊忆相和尺寸较大的 浊 相. 关键词 机器人; 搅拌摩擦焊; 焊接速度; 微观组织; 力学性能 分类号 TG456郾 9 收稿日期: 2017鄄鄄11鄄鄄29 基金项目: 中航工业集团创新基金资助项目(2014E62541) Effect of the welding speed on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of robotic friction stir welded AA7B04 aluminum alloy ZHANG Kun 1) , JIANG Hai鄄tao 2) 苣 , MENG Qiang 1) , TANG Di 2) , LIN Hong鄄tao 2) 1)Aviation Joining Technology Key Lab of Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing and Technology Research Institute, Beijing 100024, China 2)Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 苣Corresponding author, E鄄mail: jianght@ ustb. edu. cn ABSTRACT For weld defects such as holes, debasement of the joint properties and large deformations easily appear in fusion weld鄄 ing of the AA7B04 aluminum alloy, and the use of mechanical connections such as riveting increases the weight of the connector. Here鄄 in, a 2鄄mm AA7B04 aluminum alloy was friction stir welded using an industrial KUKA Titan Robot, with a friction stir welding end ef鄄 fector mounted onto the robot. The Fx, Fy, and Fz forces of the tool during welding were recorded, and the resultant mechanical strength and microstructure of the joints were studied. The results show that welding speed imposes a great influence on Fz . The micro鄄 structure and mechanical properties at different welding speeds of a friction stir welded joint of an AA7B04 aluminum alloy sheet were investigated via optical microscope observation, transmission electron microscope observation, a tensile test, a three鄄point bending test, and a hardness test. The results show that the maximum tensile strength of the joint is 447 MPa for a welding speed of 100 mm·min - 1 , equivalent to 80% of the parent metal. No crack is observed in the joints when bending at 180毅. W鄄shape hardness distribution is ob鄄