数学中国w, madio,net 116 The UMAP Journal 29.2(2008) Inequities in health. A healthcare system is not so perfect if the health level varies widely between different categories of the population, even in countries with a rather good health status on average [WHO 2001].To describe inequities in health, we use life expectancy in terms of age,race, gender, socioeconomic class, and so on. If every category has the same life expectancy, the system is fair in terms of health level Inequities in responsiveness. The same as health level: If some peo- ple are treated with courtesy and others are not, there are inequities in responsIveness. Fairness of financial contribution. To be fair, the expenditu household faces should be distributed according to ability to pay rather than by risk ofillness [WHO 2001]. That means that a household should not become impoverished to obtain healthcare, and rich households should pay more towards the system than poor households [Gakidou aL200 The Combination of Metrics We devise a composite measure of the three metrics: Resources, perfor Analytical Hierarchy Proces Divide layers. We divide the metrics into several layers as Figures 2-5 Resouree Performane Figure 2, Resources Figure 3. Performance Evaluation Vector. A good system should use the least resources pos sible to produce performance, therefore we use the ratio of resources to Performance to evaluate the system s effectiveness The other metric is the inequity index. Since the two metrics may not have the same magnitude. it is not appropriate to add or multiply them数学中国 www.madio.net