生物柴油的现状 匡逊 (上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240) 摘要:当前,资源问题和环境问题逐渐成为制约科技和社会发展的主要问题。西方国家己经 给出了在汽车的能源供给方面逐步用电池替代汽油的解决方案,但柴油由于其能源种类的特 殊性,短期内无法被完全替代。目前,在降低柴油发动机污染方面有两个思路,一是通过尾 气的后处理降低污染:二是对燃料进行净化,降低其造成污染的可能性。本文将从发展和应 用两方面分析柴油的一种替代品一一生物柴油的性能。 关键词:生物柴油:柴油:排放 The status of biodiesel Kuang X. (School of Mechanical and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China) Abstract:At present,the problem ofresource and environment has gradually become the main problem that restricts the development of science and technology and society.The western countries have already given the solution of replacing gasoline with batteries instead of gasoline in the aspect ofenergy supply,but because of the particularity of their energy sources.diesel cannot be completely replaced in the short term.At present,there are two ways to reduce the pollution of diesel engine.One is to reduce pollution through the post-processing of exhaust gas.The two is to purify fuel and reduce the possibility ofpollution.The performance ofa substitute of diesel will be analyzed from two aspects of the development and application of biodiesel. Key words:Biodiesel:Diesel:Emission 1生物柴油的发展 生物柴油是指植物油(如菜籽油、大豆油、花生油、玉米油、棉籽油等)、动物油(如鱼 油、猪油、牛油、羊油等)、废弃油脂或微生物油脂与甲醇或乙醇经酯转化而形成的脂肪酸甲 酯或乙酯。具有某种结构符号的脂肪酸甘油酯(即甘油三酸酯)的植物油和动物脂肪通常被 作为生物柴油的原料。其燃料性能相对于传统的石油基柴油有很多相似之处,并且具有很多 石油基柴油无法比拟的功能。 从时间的角度分析,在2004年之前,世界生物柴油年均绝对增长速度相对较慢:近年来,生物柴油的现状 匡逊 (上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240) 摘要:当前,资源问题和环境问题逐渐成为制约科技和社会发展的主要问题。西方国家已经 给出了在汽车的能源供给方面逐步用电池替代汽油的解决方案,但柴油由于其能源种类的特 殊性,短期内无法被完全替代。目前,在降低柴油发动机污染方面有两个思路,一是通过尾 气的后处理降低污染;二是对燃料进行净化,降低其造成污染的可能性。本文将从发展和应 用两方面分析柴油的一种替代品——生物柴油的性能。 关键词:生物柴油;柴油;排放 The status of biodiesel Kuang X. (School of Mechanical and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China) Abstract: At present, the problem of resource and environment has gradually become the main problem that restricts the development of science and technology and society. The western countries have already given the solution of replacing gasoline with batteries instead of gasoline in the aspect of energy supply, but because of the particularity of their energy sources, diesel cannot be completely replaced in the short term. At present, there are two ways to reduce the pollution of diesel engine. One is to reduce pollution through the post-processing of exhaust gas. The two is to purify fuel and reduce the possibility of pollution. The performance of a substitute of diesel will be analyzed from two aspects of the development and application of biodiesel. Key words: Biodiesel; Diesel; Emission 1 生物柴油的发展 生物柴油是指植物油(如菜籽油、大豆油、花生油、玉米油、棉籽油等)、动物油(如鱼 油、猪油、牛油、羊油等)、废弃油脂或微生物油脂与甲醇或乙醇经酯转化而形成的脂肪酸甲 酯或乙酯。具有某种结构符号的脂肪酸甘油酯(即甘油三酸酯)的植物油和动物脂肪通常被 作为生物柴油的原料。其燃料性能相对于传统的石油基柴油有很多相似之处,并且具有很多 石油基柴油无法比拟的功能。 从时间的角度分析,在 2004 年之前,世界生物柴油年均绝对增长速度相对较慢;近年来