Unit Two Section A: Environmental protection throughout the world about the text 1. Ecology is the study of the relationships among plants, animals, people, and their environment, and the balance among these relationships 2. New England is the most northeastern region of the U.S.A. includ ing the states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and vermont It was so named by John Smith when he explored it in 1614. A New Englander is a native or resident of New england 3. Grand Banks is a vast extension of the ocean off southeast Newfoundland (H3 3 R)in the North Atlantic, one of the worlds greatest cod-fishing grounds 4. Islam is a religion and social way of life based on the teachings of Mohammed as preserved in the Koran(可兰经) and the sunna(伊斯兰教教规) It is centered in Mecca(tn), and includes the worship of gods represented by holy stones called the Kaaba(建于麦加的伊斯兰教寺院内的圣堂 Mecca or Makkah, with a population of 200,000, is the chief holy city of Islam, capital of the hejaz(汉志省,沙特阿拉伯省名, Saudi arabia, in a valley surrounded by hills, 80 km. from the Red Sea. It was the birthplace of Mohammed Its economy depends upon pilgrims(朝圣者) Text Structure: problem-solution The problem-solution" is one of the most common patterns we have in writing There are some possible d ifferences in the pattem but the basic parts are problems and Air pollution Air pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world. A great deal of energy is needed to run the factories of modern industrial nations. automobiles, trains, planes and buses need energy, too. Nearly all of this energy is produced by burning fuels. The burning produces wastes, some of which remain in the air, causing air pollution Scientists are find ing ways to stop air pollution especially in big industrial areas. They are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be doing less damage to the environment. In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluting material. Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damages to the environment However, we still have a long way to go before we have a clean world. Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control air pollution There indeed seems to be no end to tasks that environmentalists will be required to do. People will continually find new ways to control pollution New Word 1. undertake vt 1.( start to) make oneself responsible for(sth)担任,承担 The lawyer undertook the case without a fee这律师免费承办那个案件。 2. agree or promise to do sth.同意做,要做,答应 -- He undertook to finish the job by friday.他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。 -- We can t undertake that you will make a profit.我们不能保证你会获利。 2. initiative n 1. [C]action taken to solve a difficulty 解决困难所采取的行动,初步行动 The government is making some fresh initiatives to try to deal with the problem 政府正在采取某些新的积极行动,来设法解决这一问题。1 Unit Two Section A: Environmental Protection throughout the World About the text 1. Ecology is the study of the relationships among plants, animals, people, and their environment, and the balance among these relationships. 2. New England is the most northeastern region of the U.S.A., including the states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont. It was so named by John Smith when he explored it in 1614. A New Englander is a native or resident of New England. 3. Grand Banks is a vast extension of the ocean off southeast Newfoundland（纽芬 兰岛）in the North Atlantic, one of the world’s greatest cod-fishing grounds. 4. Islam is a religion and social way of life based on the teachings of Mohammed as preserved in the Koran (可兰经) and the Sunna (伊斯兰教教规). It is centered in Mecca (麦加), and includes the worship of gods represented by holy stones called the Kaaba (建于麦加的伊斯兰教寺院内的圣堂). 5. Mecca or Makkah, with a population of 200,000, is the chief holy city of Islam, capital of the Hejaz (汉志省, 沙特阿拉伯省名), Saudi Arabia, in a valley surrounded by hills, 80 km. from the Red Sea. It was the birthplace of Mohammed. Its economy depends upon pilgrims (朝圣者). Text Structure: problem-solution The “problem-solution” is one of the most common patterns we have in writing. There are some possible differences in the pattern but the basic parts are problems and solutions. Air pollution Air pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world. A great deal of energy is needed to run the factories of modern industrial nations. Automobiles, trains, planes and buses need energy, too. Nearly all of this energy is produced by burning fuels. The burning produces wastes, some of which remain in the air, causing air pollution. Scientists are finding ways to stop air pollution especially in big industrial areas. They are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be doing less damage to the environment. In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluting material. Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damages to the environment. However, we still have a long way to go before we have a clean world. Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control air pollution .There indeed seems to be no end to tasks that environmentalists will be required to do. People will continually find new ways to control pollution.. New Words 1. undertake vt.1.(start to) make oneself responsible for (sth.) 担任，承担 ---The lawyer undertook the case without a fee.这律师免费承办那个案件。 2. agree or promise to do sth. 同意做，要做，答应 ---He undertook to finish the job by Friday. 他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。 ---We can't undertake that you will make a profit. 我们不能保证你会获利。 2. initiative n.1. [C] action taken to solve a difficulty 解决困难所采取的行动，初步行动 ---The government is making some fresh initiatives to try to deal with the problem. 政府正在采取某些新的积极行动，来设法解决这一问题