Describe the problem that occurs during DNA replication at the ends of chromosomes.How are telomeres related to this problem? What are the three excision-repair systems found in eukaryotes,and which one is responsible for correcting thymine- thymine dimers that form as a result of UV light damage to DNA? Briefly describe the similarities and differences of the two processes that can repair double-strand breaks. Chapter3.From DNA to protein(滕昕辰) 1.教学目标 Understand the basic processes and molecularmechanisms of transcription Understand the significance and molecular mechanismsofmRNA processing in eukaryotic cells Understand the decoding mechanism of mRNA by tRNAs Understand the basic processes and molecularmechanisms of protein translation 2.教学重难点 教学重点： Fundamental processes and molecular mechanisms ofRNA transcription Fundamental processesand molecular mechanisms of mRNA processing in eukaryotic cells The decoding of mRNA by tRNAs Structure and function of tRNA-aminoyl synthase Molecular mechanismsof initiation,extension,and termination oftranslation 教学难点： Sequence relationships ofthe template,coding strand and RNA transcripts RNA transcription initiation and abortive initiation Nonstandard base pairing between codons and anticodons Mechanism and significance of proofreading function ofaminoyl-tRNA synthase Translocation of sites A,P,and E during protein translation Function of GTP-binding proteins involved in protein translation• Describe the problem that occurs during DNA replication at the ends of chromosomes. How are telomeres related to this problem? • What are the three excision-repair systems found in eukaryotes, and which one is responsible for correcting thymine￾thymine dimers that form as a result of UV light damage to DNA? • Briefly describe the similarities and differences of the two processes that can repair double-strand breaks. Chapter 3. From DNA to protein（滕昕辰） 1. 教学目标 • Understand the basic processes and molecular mechanisms of transcription • Understand the significance and molecular mechanisms of mRNA processing in eukaryotic cells • Understand the decoding mechanism of mRNA by tRNAs • Understand the basic processes and molecular mechanisms of protein translation 2. 教学重难点 教学重点: • Fundamental processes and molecular mechanisms of RNA transcription • Fundamental processes and molecular mechanisms of mRNA processing in eukaryotic cells • The decoding of mRNA by tRNAs • Structure and function of tRNA-aminoyl synthase • Molecular mechanisms of initiation, extension, and termination of translation 教学难点: • Sequence relationships of the template, coding strand and RNA transcripts • RNA transcription initiation and abortive initiation • Nonstandard base pairing between codons and anticodons • Mechanism and significance of proofreading function of aminoyl-tRNA synthase • Translocation of sites A, P, and E during protein translation • Function of GTP-binding proteins involved in protein translation