Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020 17 70 Responsibility for promoting mental health and preventing mental disorders extends across all sectors and all government departments.This is because poor mental health is strongly influenced by a range of social and economic determinants includ- ing income level,employment status,education level,material standard of living.physical health status,family cohesion, discrimination,violations of human rights and exposure to adverse life events,including sexual violence,child abuse and neglect.Mental health needs of children and adolescents who are exposed to natural disasters or civil conflict and unrest. including those who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups,are very high and require special attention. 71 Broad strategies for mental health promotion and the prevention of mental disorders across the life course may focus on: antidiscrimination laws and information campaigns that redress the stigmatization and human rights violations all too commonly associated with mental disorders:promotion of the rights,opportunities and care of individuals with mental disor- ders;the nurturing of core individual attributes in the formative stages of life (such as early childhood programmes,life skills and sexuality education,programmes to support the development of safe,stable and nurturing relationships between children, their parents and carers):early intervention through identification,prevention and treatment of emotional or behavioural problems,especially in childhood and adolescence:provision of healthy living and working conditions [including work organi- zational improvements and evidence-based stress management schemes in the public as well as the private sector):protec- tion programmes or community protection networks that tackle child abuse as well as other violence at domestic and commu- nity levels and social protection for the poor.? 72 Suicide prevention is an important priority.Many people who attempt suicide come from vulnerable and marginalized groups.Moreover,young people and the elderly are among the most susceptible age groups to suicidal ideation and self-harm. Suicide rates tend to be underreported owing to weak surveillance systems,a misattribution of suicide to accidental deaths,as well as its criminalization in some countries.Nevertheless,most countries are showing either a stable or an increasing trend in the rate of suicide,while several others are showing long-term decreasing trends.As there are many risk factors associated with suicide beyond mental disorder,such as chronic pain or acute emotional distress,actions to prevent suicide must not only come from the health sector,but also from other sectors simultaneously.Reducing access to means to cause self-harm or commit suicide (including firearms,pesticides and availability of toxic medicines that can be used in overdoses),responsible reporting by the media,protecting persons at high risk of suicide,and early identification and management of mental disorder and of suicidal behaviours can be effective. Global target 3.1:80%of countries will hove at least two functioning national,multisectoral promotion and prevention programmes in mentot heatth [by the yeor 2020). Global target 3.2:The rate of sulcide in countries will be reduced by 10%(by the year 20201. Proposed actions for Member States 73 Mental health promotion and prevention:Lead and coordinate a multisectoral strategy that combines universal and targeted interventions for:promoting mental health and preventing mental disorders:reducing stigmatization,discrimination and human rights violations:and which is responsive to specific vulnerable groups across the lifespan and integrated within the national mental health and health promotion strategies. 74 Suicide prevention:Develop and implement comprehensive national strategies for the prevention of suicide,with special attention to groups identified as at increased risk of suicide,including lesbian,gay,bisexual and transgender persons,youth and other vulnerable groups of all ages based on local context. See Risks lo mental heatth an overvew of vulnerbiles and nsk acors Background poper by WHO Secretanat for he developmenlfa cmprehensive mental health action planMental Health Action Plan <:', 7[('1) 70 Responsibility for promoting mental health and preventing mental disorders extends across all sectors and all government departments, This is because poor mental health is strongly influenced by a range of social and economic determinants includ￾ing income level, employment status, education level, material standard of living, physical health status, family cohesion, discrimination, violations of human rights and exposure to adverse life events, including sexual violence, child abuse and neglect. Mental health needs of children and adolescents who are exposed to natural disasters or civil conflict and unrest, including those who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups, are very high and require special attention. 71 Broad strategies for mental health promotion and the prevention of mental disorders across the life course may focus on, antidiscrimination laws and information campaigns that redress the stigmatization and human rights violations all too commonly associated with mental disorders; promotion of the rights, opportunities and care of individuals with mental disor￾ders; the nurturing of core individual attributes in the formative stages of life [such as early childhood programmes, life skills and sexuaLity education, programmes to support the deveLopment of safe, stabLe and nurturing reLationships between chiLdren, their parents and carers]; early intervention through identification, prevention and treatment of emotional or behavioural probLems, especially in chiLdhood and adolescence; provision of healthy Living and working conditions [including work organi￾zational improvements and evidence-based stress management schemes in the public as well as the private sector]; protec￾tion programmes or community protection networks that tackle child abuse as well as other violence at domestic and commu￾nity levels and social protection for the poor.9 72 Suicide prevention is an important priority. Many people who attempt suicide come from vulnerable and marginalized groups, Moreover, young peopLe and the eLderLy are among the most susceptible age groups to suicidaL ideation and self-harm. Suicide rates tend to be underreported owing to weak surveillance systems, a misattribution of suicide to accidental deaths, as well as its criminalization in some countries. Nevertheless, most countries are showing either a stable or an increasing trend in the rate of suicide, while several others are showing long-term decreasing trends. As there are many risk factors associated with suicide beyond mentaL disorder, such as chronic pain or acute emotional distress, actions to prevent suicide must not only come from the health sector, but also from other sectors simultaneously. Reducing access to means to cause self-harm or commit suicide (including firearms, pesticides and availability of toxic medicines that can be used in overdosesl. responsible reporting by the media, protecting persons at high risk of suicide, and early identification and management of mental disorder and of suicidal behaviours can be effective. GLobal target 3.1, 80% of countries will have at least two functioning national, multisectoroI promotion and prevention programmes in mental health {by the year 2020]. Global target 3.2, The rate of suicide in countries will be reduced by 10% (by the year 2020]. Proposed actions for Member States 73 Mental health promotion and prevention, Lead and coordinate a mullisectoral strategy that combines universal and targeted interventions for: promoting mental health and preventing mental disorders; reducing stigmatization, discrimination and human rights violations; and which is responsive to specific vulnerable groups across the lifespan and integrated within the national mental health and health promotion strategies. 74 Suicide prevention, Develop and implement comprehensive national strategies for the prevention of suicide, with special attention to groups identified as at increased risk of suicide, including Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons, youth and other vulnerable groups of all ages based on local context. , See Risks /0 mentol heolth on OIIefltlewof vulneroblillies ond nsk foc/ors Bockground poper by WHO 5ecre/ono/ for the developmem of 0 comprehensive memol health octlOf! plan 17