Abstract This paper extends the analyses of the most recent WHO,European Union and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development research on the cost of ambient and household air pollution to cover all 53 Member States of the WHO European Region.It describes and discusses the topic of air pollution from a Health in All Policies perspective,reflecting the best available evidence from a health,economics and policy angle and identifies future research areas and policy options. Keywords AIR POLLUTION COST OF ILLNESS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT HEALTH POLICY PARTICULATE MATTER Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark Alternatively,complete an online request form for documentation,health information,or for permission to quote or translate,on the Regional Office website(http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). Citation advice: WHO Regional Office for Europe,OECD(2015).Economic cost of the health impact of air pollution in Europe:Clean air,health and wealth.Copenhagen:WHO Regional Office for Europe. C World Health Organization 2015 All rights reserved.The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications,in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country,territory, city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Dotted lines on maps rep- resent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers'products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by either the World Health Organization or the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop- ment in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.Errors and omissions excepted,the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication.However,the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind,either express or implied.The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader.In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.The views expressed by authors,editors,or expert groups do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization or the Organi- sation for Economic Co-operation and Development or of their member countries. Editing:Nicole Satterley,Toulouse,France Design:Christophe Lanoux,Paris,France Layout:Edb&Rdb di Daniela Berretta,Rome,Italy Cover image and p.x:Paul Maguire-Fotolia.com,Graphies.theque-Fotolia.com,Ihnatovich Maryia/ Shutterstock.com© World Health Organization 2015 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps rep￾resent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by either the World Health Organization or the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop￾ment in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The views expressed by authors, editors, or expert groups do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization or the Organi￾sation for Economic Co-operation and Development or of their member countries. Editing: Nicole Satterley, Toulouse, France Design: Christophe Lanoux, Paris, France Layout: Edb&Rdb di Daniela Berretta, Rome, Italy Cover image and p. x: © Paul Maguire – Fotolia.com, © Graphies.thèque – Fotolia.com, © Ihnatovich Maryia/ Shutterstock.com Abstract This paper extends the analyses of the most recent WHO, European Union and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development research on the cost of ambient and household air pollution to cover all 53 Member States of the WHO European Region. It describes and discusses the topic of air pollution from a Health in All Policies perspective, reflecting the best available evidence from a health, economics and policy angle and identifies future research areas and policy options. Keywords AIR POLLUTION COST OF ILLNESS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT HEALTH POLICY PARTICULATE MATTER Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office website (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). Citation advice: WHO Regional Office for Europe, OECD (2015). Economic cost of the health impact of air pollution in Europe: Clean air, health and wealth. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe