Chapter 9 Starting System起动最镰 9.1 Engine Start Overview发机起驰摄述 (Automotive Configuration) 象I Engine Start Overv%发地机想场银缝 多2 Start Assist Device题的锁的能量 asiructurt程roL Ligeang Li 多35 arting Moter包动填 Mfatien Shoal uf Amtamative Studies 4 Over-apeed Pretectue复地银护装夏 Ca中ea民短钢电dn线 象5 Deeclerating Starter减速e动机 t341w506 B321 Schonl of ulemntive Studies 口4d8等4，球m年，230433 周破果 四凡冷大复 128 降害大弹究卓单智 窗凡冷大司 降情大带汽单 @凡冷复 1.8 tarting Conditionsi起骑条# 2.Starting Modes起助方或 之.Starting Modes起地方或 与atg1ee相 1nMn一samg人方地 身auliary Gatline Fagiae Suetiog物快地机白地 拉我帅 r锐及位物人通装a时 出瑞 代 白超产世鞋城粒 g.2 Start Assist Device起骑辅助装置 1.GewP4ug电盖 1.Glow Plug电路墙 新钻定松健之登■大 shamborsf fiotl enpoe. 新道芒学金P装进除 造经量 a气峰海d+度响 物R冷？ R冷大司 师请大汽甲 Page 1Page 1 1/28 同济大学汽车学院 《Automotive Configuration》 Instructor：Ph.D./Prof. Liguang Li Affiliation：School of Automotive Studies Contact： liguang@tongji.edu.cn 13701850216 B321 School of Automotive Studies Class period：1-8 week , 2nd semester, 2012-13 2/28 同济大学汽车学院 Chapter 9 Starting System 起动系统 9.1 Engine Start Overview 发动机起动概述 9.2 Start Assist Device 起动辅助装置 9.3 Starting Motor 起动机 9.4 Over-speed Protector 超速保护装置 9.5 Decelerating Starter 减速起动机 3/28 同济大学汽车学院 9.1 Engine Start Overview 发动机起动概述 Definition: Engine start is the process that engine state transits from stop to work. The device used to complete the requirement is called engine starting system. 使发动机从静止状态过渡 到工作状态的全过程，叫 发动机的起动。完成起动 所需要的装置叫起动系 。 起动开关 Starting switch 飞轮 Flywheel 铁芯 Iron core 驱动杠杆 Actuating lever 起动电机 Cranking motor 齿圈 Gear ring 4/28 同济大学汽车学院 1. Starting Conditions起动条件 1) Starting Torque 起动转矩 It is the lowest torque to rotate crankshaft. Starting torque must overcome compression and inner friction resisting moment. The starting resisting moment is related to compression ratio, temperature, oil viscosity, etc. 能够使曲轴旋转的最低转矩称为起动转矩。起动转矩必须克服压缩阻力和 内磨擦阻力矩。起动阻力矩与发动机压缩比、温度、机油粘度等有关。 2) Starting Speed 起动转速 It is the lowest speed to rotate crankshaft. At the temperature of 0~20 degree Celsius, the starting speed is 30~40 and 150~300 rpm for gasoline engines and diesel engines, respectively. 能使发动机起动的曲轴最低转速称为起动转速。在0～20℃时，汽油机的起 动转速为30～40 r/min，柴油机的起动转速为150～300r/min。 5/28 同济大学汽车学院 2. Starting Modes 起动方式 1) Manual Starting 人力起动 It is the easiest starting approach that only needs manpower to rotate crankshaft by a lateral pin embedded into the cranking claw seated in the fore-end of crankshaft. 起动最为简单，只须将起动手摇柄端头的横销嵌入发动机曲轴前端的起动 爪内，以人力转动曲轴。 2) Motor Starting 电动机起动 Rotate crankshaft by electric motor as the mechanical driving force when the gear on the shaft of motor and flywheel are engaged. The motor also depends on the storage battery as its source. 电动机起动是用电动机作为机械动力，当将电动机轴上的齿轮与发动机飞 轮周缘的齿圈啮合时，动力就传到飞轮和曲轴，使之旋转。电动机本身又 用蓄电池作为电源。 6/28 同济大学汽车学院 2. Starting Modes 起动方式 3) Auxiliary Gasoline Engine Starting 辅助汽油机起动 Large volume, complex structure, and being used for diesel engine starting. 体积大，结构复杂，多用于大功率柴油机的起动。 7/28 同济大学汽车学院 9.2 Start Assist Device 起动辅助装置 Reason: In the cold winter, oil viscosity and starting resisting moment increases, storage battery working ability and fuel gasification performance decreases. 发动机在严寒冬季起动困难，这是由于机油粘度增高，起动阻力矩增大， 蓄电池工作能力降低，以及燃油气化性能变坏的缘故。 In order to realize easy cold starting in the winter, intake air, oil and coolant should be preheated. Some auxiliary starting devices which optimize fuel ignition condition and reduce starting torque are equipped by diesel engines. 为使之便于起动，在冬季应设法将进气、润滑油和冷却水预热。车用柴油 机为了能在低温下迅速可靠的起动，常采用一些用以改善燃料着火条件和 降低起动转矩的起动辅助装置。 Including 这些装置包括: glow plug 电热塞，air preheater 进气预热器， starting fluid spray device 起动液喷射装置，pressure relief device 减压装置 8/28 同济大学汽车学院 1. Glow Plug 电热塞 Gland nut 压紧螺母 Packing washer 压紧垫圈 Spring washer 弹簧垫圈 Fixing nut 固定螺母 Center nut 中心螺母 Cement 胶合剂 Insulator 绝缘体 Casing 外壳 Sealing washer 密封垫圈 Bulking agent 填充剂 Resistance wire 电阻丝 Heating body steel sleeve 发热体钢套 9/28 同济大学汽车学院 1. Glow Plug 电热塞 Function: Preheat air in combustion chamber during cold start. In general, glow plug is employed by the divided combustion chamber of diesel engines. 在起动时对燃烧室内的空气进行预热 ,便于起动。一般在采用涡流室式或 预燃室式燃烧室的柴油发动机中装有 电热塞