°原子中的电子能级→Pau不相容原理 Fermi-Dac分布 那么,金属中的自由电子气呢?→费米面 Progress was not smooth and gradual, but often involved the agony, despair and controversy of the creative process. Even the notion that an electron is a fermion was controversial. Wolfgang Pauli, inventor of the exclusion principle could not initially envisage that this principle would apply beyond the atom to macroscopi- cally vast assemblies of degenerate electrons; indeed, he initially preferred the idea that electrons were bosons Pauli arrived at the realization that the electron fuid is a degenerate Fermi gas with great reluctance, and at the end of 1925 2 gave way. writing in a short note to Schrodinger that read With a heavy heart, I have decided that Fermi Dirac, not Einstein is the correct statistics, and i have decided to write a short note on paramagnetism.” Wolfgang Pauli, letter to Schrodinger, November 1925 2 教材page61,(2.2.1)中19/125怎么来的?原子中的电子能级 → Pauli不相容原理 → Fermi-Dirac分布 那么，金属中的自由电子气呢？ → 费米面！ 教材page 61，（2. 2. 1）中19/125怎么来的？