5.2 Receiver Types By Positioning Style By Load Body Based on the type of observables(i.e, code pseudoranges or arrier phases) and on the availability of codes(ie, C/A-code, Static Receiver Potable receiver P-code, or Y-code), one can classify GPS receivers into. Kinematic Receiver Back Bag Receiver By Code Vehicle Load receiver (1)C/A-code Middle kinmatic 2)C/A-code Airplane Load Receiver (4)Y-code carrier phase receiv Missile load receiver By F Navigation Receiver tellite load receiver elver (2)Dual frequency receiver In general 2)Carrier phase receiver 1. C/A-code Pseudorange Receivers 2. C/A-Code Carrier Receivers Characteristics Characteristics: 1. Only code pseudoranges using the C/A-code are carrier p he LI e obtained because the C/A-code is ually a hand-held device powered by not modulated on L2 2. Most instruments have a minimum of 3. Typical from one to six independent receiver channels independent receiver channels and some more recent designs have L2 channels more channels are erred for 3. To store the time-tagged code range and carrier ranges phase in laptop computers and magnetic tap can be measured to produce more accurate early, later in memory chips 3. P-code receivers e the phases of the l2 that the L This signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)is cor to the ype of receiver uses the P-code and is able to lock on carrier he C/A-code measurements on L 2. In the absence of A-s, the observables are derived by first orrelating the signals with a replica of the p-code. After nt to red emoving the P-code from the received satellite signal, phase us, prov vector measurements can be performed. determination(especially for long lines) 3. One of the first the P-code TI-4100 completed This type of receiver can be used in 1984 and tested bi precise surveys incIuding static, koir match 4. This rece more from a military pseudokinematic methods perspective than a civilian or 5. Manufacturers of civilian receivers ple to justify P. code work around 1989-19906 5.2 Receiver Types Based on the type of observables (i.e., code pseudoranges or carrier phases) and on the availability of codes (i.e., C/A-code, P-code, or Y-code), one can classify GPS receivers into: By Code: (1) C/A-code pseudorange receiver, (2) C/A-code carrier phase receiver, (3) P-code carrier phase receiver, and (4) Y-code carrier phase receiver. By Frequency: (1) Signal frequency receiver (2) Dual frequency receiver In General: (1) Pseudorange receiver (2) Carrier phase receiver By Positioning Style: • Static Receiver • Kinematic Receiver • Low kinmatic • Middle kinmatic • High kinmatic By Application: • Navigation Receiver • Positioning Receiver • Timing Receiver By Load Body: • Potable Receiver • Back Bag Receiver • Vehicle Load Receiver • Ship Load Receiver • Airplane Load Receiver • Missile Load Receiver • Satellite Load Receiver 1. C/A-code Pseudorange Receivers Characteristics: 1. Only code pseudoranges using the C/A-code are measured. 2. The receiver is usually a hand-held device powered by flashlight batteries. 3. Typical from one to six independent receiver channels and output the three-dimensional position in longitude, latitude, and height. 4. Receivers with four or more channels are preferred for applications in motion since simultaneous satellite ranges can be measured to produce more accurate positions. 2. C/A-Code Carrier Receivers Characteristics: 1. Code ranges and carrier phases from the L1 carrier only are obtained because the C/A-code is not modulated on L2. 2. Most instruments have a minimum of four independent receiver channels and some of the more recent designs have L2 channels. 3. To store the time-tagged code range and carrier phase in laptop computers and magnetic tapes early, later in memory chips. 5. Now measure the phases of the L2 carrier by the use of some codeless technique. The drawback is that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is considerably lower than the C/A-code measurements on Ll. 6. Normally, the L2 phase is used in combination with the Ll measurement to reduce the ionospheric effect on the signal and, thus, provide a more accurate vector determination (especially for long lines). This type of receiver can be used for all types of precise surveys including static, kinematic, and pseudokinematic methods. 3. P-code Receivers 1. This type of receiver uses the P-code and is able to lock on to the Ll and L2 carrier. 2. In the absence of A-S , the observables are derived by first correlating the signals with a replica of the P-code. After removing the P-code from the received satellite signal, phase measurements can be performed. 3. One of the first receivers was the P-code TI-4100 completed in 1984 and tested by the FGCS. 4. This receiver was developed more from a military perspective than a civilian one. 5. Manufacturers of civilian receivers were able to justify P￾code work around 1989-1990