Sediments Types And Characteristics Three broad classes a Clastic sediment is loose fragments of rock debris produced by physical weathering Sand and clay. a Chemical sediment precipitates from solution in water Calcium carbonate and salt Biogenic sediment is composed of the fossilized remains of plants or animals Coal, oil, and natural gas.Sediments Types And Characteristics ◼ Three broad classes: ◼ Clastic sediment is loose fragments of rock debris produced by physical weathering. ◼ Sand and clay. ◼ Chemical sediment precipitates from solution in water. ◼ Calcium carbonate and salt. ◼ Biogenic sediment is composed of the fossilized remains of plants or animals. ◼ Coal, oil, and natural gas