Genetic Recombination Genetic recombination involves the physical exchange of genetic material between genetic elements. Homologous recombination results in genetic exchange between homologous DNA sequences from two different sources. This type of recombination is extremely important to all organisms. However, it is also very complex. Even in the bacterium Escherichia coli there are at least 25 genes involved.Genetic Recombination Genetic recombination involves the physical exchange of genetic material between genetic elements. Homologous recombination results in genetic exchange between homologous DNA sequences from two different sources. This type of recombination is extremely important to all organisms. However, it is also very complex. Even in the bacterium Escherichia coli there are at least 25 genes involved