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Beyond the "climate versus grazing"impasse: using remote sensing to investigate the effect of grazing system choice on vegetation cover in the eastem Karoo. Journal of Arid Environments, 2004, 57: 381-408 25]Wessels K J, Prince S D, Reshef I Mapping land degradation by comparison of vegetation production to spatially derived stomates of potential production. Journal of Arid Environments, 2008, 72: 1940-1949. 26 Zhang Chunlai, Dong Guangrong, Zou Xueyong et al. Contributing ratios of several factors to the steppe desertification in Guinan, Qinghai Province. Journal of desert research,2005,25(4):511-518.[张春来,董光荣,邹学勇等青海贵南草 原沙漠化影响因子贡献率的确定,中国沙漠,2005,25(4)511518 27] Rojstaczer S, Sterling S M, Moore N J. Human appropriation of photosynthesis products. Science, 2001, 294: 2549-2552 28] Haberl H, Erausmann F, Erb K H et al. Human appropriation of net primary production. Science, 2002, 296: 1968-1969 29] Haberl H, Erb K H, Krausmann F et al. Quantifying and mapping the human appropriation of net primary production in earth's terrestrial ecosystems. PNAS, 2007, 104: 12942-12947 B0] ONeill D W, Tyedmers P H, Beazley K F. Human appropriation of net primary production(HANPP)in Nova Scotia, anada Regional Environment Change, 2007, 7: 1-14 31Zika M, Erb K Net primary production losses due to human-induced desertification. Second International Conference on arth System Modelling (ICESM), 2007, 1 [32] Prince S D. Spatial and temporal scales for detection of desertification//Reynolds J F, Stafford Smith D M. Global Desertification: Do Humans Cause Deserts? Berlin: Dahlem University Press, 2002: 23-401期 许端阳 等：气候变化和人类活动在沙漠化过程中相对作用评价综述 Soil and Water Conservation, 2004, 18(5): 99-103. [刘树林, 王涛. 浑善达克沙地地区土地沙漠化初步研究. 水土保持学 报, 2004, 18(5): 99-103.] [9] Zheng Y R, Xie Z X, Robert C et al. Did climate drive ecosystem change and induce desertification in Otindag sandy land, China over the past 40 years? Journal of Arid Environments, 2006, 64: 523-541. [10] Wang X M, Chen H F, Dong Z B. The relative role of climatic and human factors in desertification in semiarid China. Global Environment Change, 2006, 16: 48-57. [11] Wang X M, Zhang C X, Hasi E et al. Has the Three Norths Forest Shelterbelt Program solved the desertification and dust storm problems in arid and semiarid China? Journal of Arid Environments, 2010, 74: 13-22. [12] Xu Xiaoling, Yan Junping. Research on quantitative relations between human factors and desertification in northern Shaanxi sandy area. Journal of Arid Land Research and Environment, 2005, 19(5): 38-41. [徐小玲, 延军平. 陕北沙区人 为因素与沙漠化的定量关系研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 2005, 19(5): 38-41.] [13] Sun Danfeng. Analysis of socio-economic driving forces on land desertification at Minqin County in Gansu Province in 1988-1997. Transactions of the CSAE, 2005, (suppl.1): 131-135. [孙丹峰. 民勤1988-1997年间土地荒漠化社会经济驱 动力分析. 农业工程学报, 2005, (增刊1): 131-135.] [14] Zhang Yushu, Wang Lixin, Zhang Hongqi et al. Influence of environmental factor changes on desertification process in Shule River. Resources Science, 2003, 25(6): 60-65. [章予舒, 王立新, 张红旗 等. 甘肃疏勒河流域环境因子变异对荒漠 化态势的影响. 资源科学, 2003, 25(6): 60-65.] [15] Dong Yuxiang. Principal components analysis of influential factors of desertification. Arid Zone Research, 1989, 6(4): 34-41. [董玉祥. 土地沙漠化影响因子的定量分析. 干旱区研究, 1989, 6(4): 34-41.] [16] Zhang Dengshan. Quantitative analysis of influential factors on land desertification in Qinghai Gonghe Basin. Journal of Desert Research, 2000, 20(1): 59-62. [张登山. 青海共和盆地土地沙漠化影响因子的定量分析. 中国沙漠, 2000, 20(1): 59-62.] [17] Ma Y H, Fan S Y, Zhou L H et al. The temporal change of driving factors during the course of land desertification in arid region of North China: The case of Minqin County. Environment Geology, 2007, 51: 999-1008. [18] Li S, Zheng Y, Luo P et al. Desertification in western Hainan Island, China (1959-2003). Land Degradation and Development, 2007, 18(5): 473-485. [19] Li Zhenshan, He Limin, Wang Tao. A method for determining the contribution of natural factors on sandy pasture desertification. Journal of Desert Research, 2006, 26(5): 687-692. [李振山, 贺丽敏, 王涛. 现代草地沙漠化中自然因素 贡献率的确定方法. 中国沙漠, 2006, 26(5): 687-692.] [20] Evans J, Geerken R. Discriminating between climate and human-induced dryland degradation. Journal of Arid Environments, 2004, 57: 535-554. [21] Wessels K J, Prince S D, Malherbe J et al. Can human-induced land degradation be distinguished from the effects of rainfall variability? A case study in South Africa. Journal of Arid Environments, 2007, 68: 271-297. [22] Geerken R, Ilaiwi M. Assessment of rangeland degradation and development of a strategy for rehabilitation. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2004, 90: 490-504. [23] Herrmann S M, Anyamba A, Tucker C J. Recent trends in vegetation dynamics in the African Sahel and their relationship to climate. Global Environment Change, 2005, 15: 394-404. [24] Archer Emma R M. Beyond the "climate versus grazing" impasse: using remote sensing to investigate the effect of grazing system choice on vegetation cover in the eastern Karoo. Journal of Arid Environments, 2004, 57: 381-408. [25] Wessels K J, Prince S D, Reshef I. Mapping land degradation by comparison of vegetation production to spatially derived estimates of potential production. Journal of Arid Environments, 2008, 72: 1940-1949. [26] Zhang Chunlai, Dong Guangrong, Zou Xueyong et al. Contributing ratios of several factors to the steppe desertification in Guinan, Qinghai Province. Journal of Desert Research, 2005, 25(4): 511-518. [张春来, 董光荣, 邹学勇 等. 青海贵南草 原沙漠化影响因子贡献率的确定. 中国沙漠, 2005, 25(4): 511-518.] [27] Rojstaczer S, Sterling S M, Moore N J. Human appropriation of photosynthesis products. Science, 2001, 294: 2549-2552. [28] Haberl H, Erausmann F, Erb K H et al. Human appropriation of net primary production. Science, 2002, 296: 1968-1969. [29] Haberl H, Erb K H, Krausmann F et al. Quantifying and mapping the human appropriation of net primary production in earth's terrestrial ecosystems. PNAS, 2007, 104: 12942-12947. [30] O'Neill D W, Tyedmers P H, Beazley K F. Human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) in Nova Scotia, Canada. Regional Environment Change, 2007, 7: 1-14. [31] Zika M, Erb K. Net primary production losses due to human-induced desertification. Second International Conference on Earth System Modelling (ICESM), 2007, 1. [32] Prince S D. Spatial and temporal scales for detection of desertification//Reynolds J F, Stafford Smith D M. Global Desertification: Do Humans Cause Deserts? Berlin: Dahlem University Press, 2002: 23-40. 75