the House of Lords. The 2001 Labor general election manifesto(EE) committed the Government to completing House of Lords reform, and implementing the recommendations of the Wakeham Commission in the most effective way possible In November 2001, the Government published a white paper, House of lords Completing the Reform. It is consulting on some points raised in the document until 31 January 2002 The white paper proposes that the House would eventually consist of: 120 independent members appointed by the appointments Commission 120 directly elected members 16 bishops ● at least I2 Law lord o a balance of not more than 332 nominated political members number available to each party is determined by the Appointments Accord ing to the reform, there are altogether 600 members in the house of Lords. And there would be an end to 92 hereditary peers still in the lords 3)The House of Commons The House of Commons also known as the lower house is the other chamber of Parliament. It is a representative assembly because all its members are elected by voters through general elections. The House of Commons has 659 members, who are elected from the same number of constituencies by British subjects at least 18 years ld distribution of the seats among the four countries is based on their population The maximum life of a Parliament is five years. Elections are set by the prime minister on the basis of political necessity or advantage. If the cabinet, formed by the lead ing party in Commons, loses a vote of confidence or fails to carry its leg islation in Commons, it must resign or request a dissolution. An election can be held in as short a time as three weeks e chairman who conducts es in t ower House Is oriC Speaker, who is elected by the Commons. The Speaker can hold his office until his retirement when he is normally made a peer. As a rule, the Speaker has to give up party politics and remain impartial in carrying out his duties The debating- room of the Commons, also in the Parliament Build ing, is not very large. It provides seats for only half of the Common because many of them don't take part in debates. One side of the debating-room, with five rows of benches, is for the Government, or the party in power. The opposite side, also with five rows of benches, is occupied by the Opposition Party, known as Her Majestys Opposition. Party leaders and senior members sit in the front rows junior members are also called16 the House of Lords. The 2001 Labor general election manifesto (宣言) committed the Government to completing House of Lords reform, and implementing the recommendations of the Wakeham Commission in the most effective way possible. In November 2001, the Government published a white paper, House of Lords Completing the Reform. It is consulting on some points raised in the document until 31 January 2002. The white paper proposes that the House would eventually consist of: ⚫ 120 independent members appointed by the Appointments Commission ⚫ 120 directly elected members ⚫ 16 bishops ⚫ at least 12 Law Lords ⚫ a balance of not more than 332 nominated political members where the number available to each party is determined by the Appointments Commission. According to the reform, there are altogether 600 members in the House of Lords. And there would be an end to 92 hereditary peers still in the Lords 3) The House of Commons The House of Commons, also known as the Lower House, is the other chamber of Parliament. It is a representative assembly because all its members are elected by voters through general elections. The House of Commons has 659 members, who are elected from the same number of constituencies by British subjects at least 18 years old. Distribution of the seats among the four countries is based on their population. The maximum life of a Parliament is five years. Elections are set by the prime minister on the basis of political necessity or advantage. If the cabinet, formed by the leading party in Commons, loses a vote of confidence or fails to carry its legislation in Commons, it must resign or request a dissolution. An election can be held in as short a time as three weeks. The chairman who conducts debates in the Lower House is officially called Speaker, who is elected by the Commons. The Speaker can hold his office until his retirement when he is normally made a peer. As a rule, the Speaker has to give up party politics and remain impartial in carrying out his duties. The debating-room of the Commons, also in the Parliament Building, is not very large. It provides seats for only half of the Common because many of them don’t take part in debates. One side of the debating-room, with five rows of benches, is for the Government, or the party in power. The opposite side, also with five rows of benches, is occupied by the Opposition Party, known as Her Majesty’s Opposition. Party leaders and senior members sit in the front rows. Junior members are also called