Chapter 5 Tolman's Learning Theory o 5.2.2 learning outcome: cognitive map. Learning is essentially a process of discovering what leads to what in the environment. The organism through exploration, discovers that certain events lead to certain other events or that one sign leads to another sign. e. g. when it's 5: 00P.M. (SD), dinner(s2)will soon follow ● For tolman, what is learned is“ the lay(位置,层面,形 #Ay)of land", the organism learns what is there. It learns that if it turns to the left, it will find one thing, and if turns to the right, it will find another thing. Gradually it develops a picture of the environment that can be used to get around in it. This picture is cognitive map.Chapter 5 Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ 5.2.2 learning outcome:cognitive map. ⚫ Learning is essentially a process of discovering what leads to what in the environment.The organism, through exploration, discovers that certain events lead to certain other events or that one sign leads to another sign.e.g. when it’s 5:00P.M.(S1), dinner(S2)will soon follow. ⚫ For Tolman, what is learned is “the lay（位置，层面，形 势） of land”; the organism learns what is there. It learns that if it turns to the left, it will find one thing, and if turns to the right, it will find another thing. Gradually it develops a picture of the environment that can be used to get around in it. This picture is cognitive map