Fidelity vs.Expense Breadth vs.Depth high fidelity how to high fidelity (e.g.CFD,FEM) can we do s-design how to better? implement? (e.g. practeal? CFD.FEM) implement? ② intermediate intermediate fidelity fidelity e.g.vortex lattice. increasing difficulty (e.g.vortex increasing difficulty beam theory) lattice,beam can the theory) can the empirical Pesults be empirical 石 Tesults be models Level of MSDO believed? relations System Breadth believed? trade limited full focus on a all critical complete studies optimization/iteration MDO subsystem constraints system System Engineering by J.J.Gao ③cLao 国倒 33 System Engineering by J.J.Gao ③cLco 国 34 MDO Pros and Cons Summary Advantages MDO is not a stand-alone,automated design process reduction in design time systematic,logical design procedure MDO is a valuable tool that requires substantial human handles wide variety of design variables constraints interaction and complements other design tools not biased by intuition or experience Elements of an MDO framework Disadvantages ·MDO Challenges computational time grows rapidly with number of dv's numerical problems increase with number of dv's limited to range of applicability of analysis programs will take advantage of analysis errors to provide mathematical design improvements difficult to deal with discontinuous functions System Engineering by J.J.Gao ③ctoo 35 System Engineering by .J.Gao ⑦c1Ge 国 36+ - System Engineering by J. J. Gao 33 Fidelity vs. Expense + - System Engineering by J. J. Gao 34 Breadth vs. Depth + - System Engineering by J. J. Gao 35 MDO Pros and Cons + - System Engineering by J. J. Gao 36 Summary