gaps"are discussed in terms of the two general categories of job types--management and technical Management skills. The job listings we reviewed suggest that there is a hig demand in industry for consultants who have knowledge of how to integrate Web-based applications with enterprise resource planning(ERP), customer relationship manage ment(CRM) pply chain management(SCM), and enterprise application integration (EAI)(10% of all job listings). However, the analysis of e-commerce courses offered by the leading graduate and undergraduate business programs, suggests several potential gaps in these areas. First, only 5%of the e-business courses in our sample cover the topic of SCM. Second, we found only two courses that focus primarily on ERP. Althor CRM is often discussed as part of general marketing courses, we found no courses that ocus on CrM in a Web context Finally, we found no courses on EAI The data from our sample also indicate a relatively high demand for project man gement and analysis skills(14% of listings). Correspondingly, in the e-commerce programs we evaluated, there is a relatively high emphasis on e-business management and development skills(11%). This is also supported by the emphasis on e-business technology(5%). Therefore, we conclude that the programs in the sample have responded to these specific needs, resulting in a good fit between industry needs and e-commerce course offerings The last two top categories of demand are vertical industry specialization and mar- keting management. With regard to vertical industry specialization(4% of all job post- ings), we found very few e-commerce programs offering courses specifically targeted to this demand. Therefore, we conclude that a significant gap exists here. On the other hand, demand for marketing specialists(4%)appears to be well met by the large number of courses offered in the marketing area(17.5%, the largest single e-com- merce course category) Technical skills. In the technical area, we found a high demand for advanced programming skills in ERP, SCM, and EAI (such as Web Logix, MS Site Server, EDI, Cross Worlds)(12%). However, as mentioned earlier, there are only a small number of courses offered in SCM (5%), very few in ERP (0.5%), and no courses on EAI The demand for networking specialists in e-commerce, on the other hand, seems to be relatively well met, with most e-commerce programs placing a strong emphasis on networking(9.5%). Also, the fact that data communications is covered in most IS programs suggests that there is a good fit between industry demand in this area and courses provided by the universities in our sample The job listings also show a high demand for Web administration (12%)and Web programming(9%). As Table 3 shows, these areas have some overlap (that is knowledge of Web development tools such as Java, ASP, COM/DCOM). In addition, Web administration positions require strong knowledge of UNIX and Windows based environments. Based on the analysis of course offerings, we find a relatively strong emphasis(6%)on Web development and programming tools. However, it seems that few e-commerce programs offer training in specialized tools and tech nologies(like DCOM, CORBA, SOAP Finally, the results suggest that there is a relatively high demand for knowledge of wireless technologies and wireless protocols for mobile computing(6%). Unfortu nately, very few programs we reviewed offer courses in mobile computing, perha because the field is still relatively new and evolving 174 December 2003/ol.46. No. I2ve COMMUNICATIONS OFTHE ACM“gaps” are discussed in terms of the two general categories of job types—management and technical. Management skills. The job listings we reviewed suggest that there is a high demand in industry for consultants who have knowledge of how to integrate Web-based applications with enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship manage￾ment (CRM), supply chain management (SCM), and enterprise application integration (EAI) (10% of all job listings). However, the analysis of e-commerce courses offered by the leading graduate and undergraduate business programs, suggests several potential gaps in these areas. First, only 5% of the e-business courses in our sample cover the topic of SCM. Second, we found only two courses that focus primarily on ERP. Although CRM is often discussed as part of general marketing courses, we found no courses that focus on CRM in a Web context. Finally, we found no courses on EAI. The data from our sample also indicate a relatively high demand for project man￾agement and analysis skills (14% of listings). Correspondingly, in the e-commerce programs we evaluated, there is a relatively high emphasis on e-business management and development skills (11%). This is also supported by the emphasis on e-business technology (5%). Therefore, we conclude that the programs in the sample have responded to these specific needs, resulting in a good fit between industry needs and e-commerce course offerings. The last two top categories of demand are vertical industry specialization and mar￾keting management. With regard to vertical industry specialization (4% of all job post￾ings), we found very few e-commerce programs offering courses specifically targeted to this demand. Therefore, we conclude that a significant gap exists here. On the other hand, demand for marketing specialists (4%) appears to be well met by the large number of courses offered in the marketing area (17.5%, the largest single e-com￾merce course category). Technical skills. In the technical area, we found a high demand for advanced programming skills in ERP, SCM, and EAI (such as Web Logix, MS Site Server, EDI, CrossWorlds) (12%). However, as mentioned earlier, there are only a small number of courses offered in SCM (5%), very few in ERP (0.5%), and no courses on EAI. The demand for networking specialists in e-commerce, on the other hand, seems to be relatively well met, with most e-commerce programs placing a strong emphasis on networking (9.5%). Also, the fact that data communications is covered in most IS programs suggests that there is a good fit between industry demand in this area and courses provided by the universities in our sample. The job listings also show a high demand for Web administration (12%) and Web programming (9%). As Table 3 shows, these areas have some overlap (that is, knowledge of Web development tools such as Java, ASP, COM/DCOM). In addition, Web administration positions require strong knowledge of UNIX and Windows￾based environments. Based on the analysis of course offerings, we find a relatively strong emphasis (6%) on Web development and programming tools. However, it seems that few e-commerce programs offer training in specialized tools and tech￾nologies (like DCOM, CORBA, SOAP). Finally, the results suggest that there is a relatively high demand for knowledge of wireless technologies and wireless protocols for mobile computing (6%). Unfortu￾nately, very few programs we reviewed offer courses in mobile computing, perhaps because the field is still relatively new and evolving. 174 December 2003/Vol. 46, No. 12ve COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM