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1. Davies et al. /Journal of the European Ceramic Sociery 25(2005)599-604 8. Ogasawara, T, Ishikawa, T, Ito, H, Watanabe N. and davies, I J 4. Badini, C, Fino, P, Ubertalli, G. and Taricco, F, Degradation at Multiple cracking and tensile behavior for an orthogonal 3-D woven Si-Ti-C-O fibre/Si-Ti-C-O matrix composite. J. Am. Ceram. Soc SICFILLR method J. Eur. Ceram Soc. 2000, 20, 1505-1514 by 200C of a SiC coated 2D-Nicalon/C/SiC 2001,84(⑦),1565-1574 25. More, K. L, Ailey, K.S, Lowden, R. A and Lin, H. T, Evaluating 9. Kerans, R. J, Hay, R. S, Parthasarathy, T. A. and Cinibulk, M. K. the effect of oxygen content in BN interfacial coatings on the stability Interface design for oxidation- resistan opposites.J.Am. of SiC/BN/SiC composites Composites: Part A 1999, 30, 463-470 Ceran.Soc.2002,8511),2599-2632 6. Morscher, G. M, Hurst, J. and Brewer, D, Intermediate-temperature 10. 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E, Testing the tensile properties of ceramic-matrix Y and Matsushima, M, Strength and fracture toughness properties composites JOM 1993(May ), 57-63 of oxidation resistant high-temperature ceramic matrix composite 6. Gogotsi, Y G. and Yoshimura, M, Low-temperature oxidation, hy In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Composite drothermal corrosion, and their effects on properties of SiC (Tyranno) Materials (), Vol 2, ed. A. Miravete. Madrid, Spain, July 1993. Woodhead Publishing Co, Cambridge, UK, 1993, pp 137-144. 32. Shand, E. B, Breaking stresses of glass determined from dimensions els of high-temperature, environmentally assisted embrittlement in of fracture mirrors. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1959, 42(10), 474-477 ceramic-matrix composites. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1996, 79(9), 2345- 33. Levengood, w. C, Effects of original flaw characteristics on gla 18. Philipuzzi, L and Naslain, R, Oxidation mechanisms and kinetics of 34. Krohn, D. A and Hasselman, D. P H, Relation of flaw ID-SiC/C/SiC composite materials. Il Modeling. J. Am. Ceram Soc. the fracture of glass. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1971, 54(8), 411 994,77(2),467-480. 35. Davies. I. J. and Ishikawa, T. Estimation of the fracture toughness 19 Lamouroux, F, Naslain, R and Jouin, J -M, Kinetics and mechanisms of Tyranno SiTHC-O fibres from flaw size and fracture mirror of oxidation of 2D woven C/SiC composites. Il. Theoretical approach data measured in situ a 3-D woven SiC/SiC composite. IntJ. Mater J.Am. Ceram.Soe.1994,77(8),2058-2068 Prod. Technol..2001,16(1-3),189-1 20. Davies, I. J, Ishikawa, T, Shibuya, M, Hirokawa, T. and Gotoh, 36. Davies, I. J. and Ishikawa, T, Estimation of the "mirror constant for J, Fibre and interfacial properties measured in situ for a 3D wover Tyranno SiTHC-O fibres in situ a 3-D woven SiC/SiC composite. SiC/SiC-based composite with glass sealant Composites: Part A 1999, J.Am. Ceram.Soc.202,85(3),691-693. 30,587-59 37. Eckel, A. J. and Bradt, R. C, Strength distribution of reinforcing 21. Windisch, C. F, Henager, C. H, Springer, G. D and Jones, R. H fibres in a Nicalon fibre/chemically vapor infiltrated silicon carbide Oxidation of the carbon interface in Nicalon-fi bre-reinforced silicon matrix composite. J. Am. Ceram Soc. 1989, 72(3),455-458 carbide composite. J. Am. Ceram Soc. 1997, 80(3), 569-574 38. Curtin, w. A, In situ fibre strengths in ceramic-matrix compos 22. Lara-Curzio, E, Analysis of oxidation-assisted stress-rupture of con- ites from fracture mirrors. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1994, 77(4), 1075- tinuous fibre- reinforced ceramic matrix composites at intermediate 1073 temperatures. Composites: Part A 1999, 30, 549-554 39. Parthasarathy, T. A, Boakye, E. E, Keller, K. A. and Hay, R. S, Eval- 23. Jones, R. H, Henager, C. H, Lewinsohn, C. A. and windisch, C uation of porous ZrO2-SiO2 and monazite coatings using Nextel M F, Stress-corrosion cracking of silicon carbide fibre/silicon carbide 720-fibre-reinforced BlackglasTM minicomposites J. Am. Ceram Soc composites. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2000, 83(8), 1999-2005 2001,84(7),1526-1532.604 I.J. Davies et al. / Journal of the European Ceramic Society 25 (2005) 599–604 8. Ogasawara, T., Ishikawa, T., Ito, H., Watanabe, N. and Davies, I. J., Multiple cracking and tensile behavior for an orthogonal 3-D woven Si–Ti–C–O fibre/Si–Ti–C–O matrix composite. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2001, 84(7), 1565–1574. 9. Kerans, R. J., Hay, R. S., Parthasarathy, T. A. and Cinibulk, M. K., Interface design for oxidation-resistant ceramic composites. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2002, 85(11), 2599–2632. 10. Kakimoto, K., Shimoo, T. and Okamura, K., Oxidation-induced microstructural change of Si–Ti–C–O fibres. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1998, 81(2), 409–412. 11. Takeda, M., Urano, A., Sakamoto, J. and Imai, Y., Microstructure and oxidation behavior of silicon carbide fibres derived from polycarbosilane. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2000, 83(5), 1171–1176. 12. Shimoo, T., Toyoda, F. and Okamura, K., Thermal stability of low-oxygen silicon carbide fibre Hi-Nicalon subjected to selected oxidation treatment. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2000, 83(6), 1450–1456. 13. Shimoo, T., Morita, T. and Okamura, K., Oxidation of low-oxygen silicon carbide fibres (Hi-Nicalon) in carbon dioxide. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2001, 84(12), 2975–2980. 14. He, H. and Hutchinson, J. W., Crack deflection at an interface between dissimilar elastic materials. Int. J. Solid Struct. 1989, 25(9), 1053– 1067. 15. Woodford, D. A., Van Steele, D. R., Brehm, J. A., Timms, L. A. and Palko, J. E, Testing the tensile properties of ceramic-matrix composites. JOM 1993 (May), 57–63. 16. Gogotsi, Y. G. and Yoshimura, M., Low-temperature oxidation, hydrothermal corrosion, and their effects on properties of SiC (Tyranno) fibres. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1995, 78(6), 1439–1450. 17. Evans, A. G., Zok, F. W., McMeeking, R. M. and Du, Z. Z., Models of high-temperature, environmentally assisted embrittlement in ceramic-matrix composites. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1996, 79(9), 2345– 2352. 18. Philipuzzi, L. and Naslain, R., Oxidation mechanisms and kinetics of 1D-SiC/C/SiC composite materials. II. Modeling. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1994, 77(2), 467–480. 19. Lamouroux, F., Naslain, R. and Jouin, J.-M., Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 2D woven C/SiC composites. II. Theoretical approach. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1994, 77(8), 2058–2068. 20. Davies, I. J., Ishikawa, T., Shibuya, M., Hirokawa, T. and Gotoh, J., Fibre and interfacial properties measured in situ for a 3D woven SiC/SiC-based composite with glass sealant. Composites: Part A 1999, 30, 587–591. 21. Windisch, C. F., Henager, C. H., Springer, G. D. and Jones, R. H., Oxidation of the carbon interface in Nicalon-fibre-reinforced silicon carbide composite. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1997, 80(3), 569–574. 22. Lara-Curzio, E., Analysis of oxidation-assisted stress-rupture of continuous fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites at intermediate temperatures. Composites: Part A 1999, 30, 549–554. 23. Jones, R. H., Henager, C. H., Lewinsohn, C. A. and Windisch, C. F., Stress-corrosion cracking of silicon carbide fibre/silicon carbide composites. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2000, 83(8), 1999–2005. 24. Badini, C., Fino, P., Ubertalli, G. and Taricco, F., Degradation at 1200 ◦C of a SiC coated 2D-Nicalon/C/SiC composite processed by SICFILL® method. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2000, 20, 1505–1514. 25. More, K. L., Ailey, K. S., Lowden, R. A. and Lin, H. T., Evaluating the effect of oxygen content in BN interfacial coatings on the stability of SiC/BN/SiC composites. Composites: Part A 1999, 30, 463–470. 26. Morscher, G. M., Hurst, J. and Brewer, D., Intermediate-temperature stress rupture of a woven Hi-Nicalon, BN-interphase, SiC-matrix composite in air. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2000, 83(6), 1441–1449. 27. Ogbuji, L. U. J. T., Pest-resistance in SiC/BN/SiC composites. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2003, 23, 613–617. 28. Celemin, J. A. and Llorca, J., The embrittlement of Nicalon/alumina composites at intermediate and elevated temperatures. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2000, 60, 1067–1076. 29. Ishikawa, T., Bansaku, K., Watanabe, N., Nomura, Y., Shibuya, M. and Hirokawa, T., Experimental stress/strain behavior of SiC-matrix composites reinforced with Si–Ti–C–O fibres and estimation of matrix elastic modulus. Compos. Sci. Technol. 1998, 58(1), 51–63. 30. Ogasawara, T., Ishikawa, T., Suzuki, N., Davies, I. J., Suzuki, M., Gotoh, J. and Hirokawa, T., Tensile creep behavior of 3-D woven Si–Ti–C–O fibre/SiC-based matrix composite with glass sealant. J. Mater. Sci. 2000, 35, 785–793. 31. Ishikawa, T., Yamamura, T., Hirokawa, T., Hayashi, Y., Noguchi, Y and Matsushima, M., Strength and fracture toughness properties of oxidation resistant high-temperature ceramic matrix composites. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM-9), Vol 2, ed. A. Miravette. Madrid, Spain, July 1993. Woodhead Publishing Co., Cambridge, UK, 1993, pp. 137–144. 32. Shand, E. B., Breaking stresses of glass determined from dimensions of fracture mirrors. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1959, 42(10), 474–477. 33. Levengood, W. C., Effects of original flaw characteristics on glass strength. J. Appl. Phys. 1958, 29(5), 820–826. 34. Krohn, D. A. and Hasselman, D. P. H., Relation of flaw size to mirror in the fracture of glass. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1971, 54(8), 411. 35. Davies, I. J. and Ishikawa, T., Estimation of the fracture toughness of Tyranno® Si–Ti–C–O fibres from flaw size and ‘fracture mirror’ data measured in situ a 3-D woven SiC/SiC composite. Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. 2001, 16(1–3), 189–196. 36. Davies, I. J. and Ishikawa, T., Estimation of the ‘mirror constant’ for Tyranno® Si–Ti–C–O fibres in situ a 3-D woven SiC/SiC composite. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2002, 85(3), 691–693. 37. Eckel, A. J. and Bradt, R. C., Strength distribution of reinforcing fibres in a Nicalon fibre/chemically vapor infiltrated silicon carbide matrix composite. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1989, 72(3), 455–458. 38. Curtin, W. A., In situ fibre strengths in ceramic-matrix composites from fracture mirrors. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1994, 77(4), 1075– 1078. 39. Parthasarathy, T. A., Boakye, E. E., Keller, K. A. and Hay, R. S., Evaluation of porous ZrO2–SiO2 and monazite coatings using NextelTM 720-fibre-reinforced BlackglasTM minicomposites. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2001, 84(7), 1526–1532