Chapter 4 Hydraulic Actuators (c)Mechanical efficiencies thus TMo =TMt -ATMo (4-6) Mm1 TMo.IM ATMo TMt TMt (4-7) (3)Flow rate and volumetric efficiency 9M=9Mt+△q (4-8) 6 Homepage List Upwards Downward止 Return Exit Chapter 4 Hydraulic Actuators 6 （c） Mechanical efficiencies thus (4-6) (4-7) T T T Mo Mt Mo = −  Mo Mt Mo M m Mt Mt T T T T T  −  = = （3）Flow rate and volumetric efficiency q q q M Mt = +  (4-8)