工程科学学报.第42卷，第2期：209-215.2020年2月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.42,No.2:209-215,February 2020 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.01.07.002;http://cje.ustb.edu.cn 基于圆环压缩和挤压-模拟法的Zr-4合金塑性成形摩擦 因子测定 赵乙丞”，朱广伟)，齐鹏)，张志豪)四 1)北京科技大学新材料技术研究院材料先进制备技术教育部重点实验室，北京1000832)国核宝钛锆业股份公司，宝鸡721013 ☒通信作者，E-mail:ntzzh2279@163.com 摘要采用圆环压缩法和挤压-模拟法测定Z4合金有润滑条件下的摩擦因子，讨论了2种方法所测定摩擦因子存在差异 的原因.研究结果表明，在模具（砧面）粗糙度Ra=0.6m、实验温度700~800℃的条件下，采用圆环压缩法获得的Zr-4合 金与模具的摩擦因子为0.18~0.27，摩擦因子随实验温度的升高而增大.挤压温度为750℃时，采用挤压-模拟法获得的热挤 压平均摩擦因子为0.35.测试结果存在较大差异的原因，是由于挤压过程润滑剂的剪切速率较圆环压缩实验大得多，且挤压 过程中润滑剂所受压应力约为圆环压缩实验中的两倍，从而导致润滑剂黏度的增大，表现为摩擦因子较高.圆环压缩法获得 的摩擦因子更适合于Zr-4合金的锻造等热加工工况 关键词Zr4合金：玻璃润滑剂：圆环压缩：挤压-模拟：摩擦因子 分类号TG146.414 Measurement of friction factor in plastic forming of Zr-4 alloy based on ring compression and extrusion-simulation ZHAO Yi-cheng,ZHU Guang-wei,QI Peng,ZHANG Zhi-hao 1)Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing(MOE),Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2)State Nuclear Bao Ti Zirconium Industry Company,Baoji 721013,China Corresponding author,E-mail:ntzzh2279@163.com ABSTRACT Nuclear-grade zirconium alloys are characterized by large deformation resistance,poor fluidity,strong viscosity,and narrow forming temperature range.They are widely used in the nuclear industry and are a good choice for structural components and fuel cladding materials for nuclear power reactors.Reasonable process parameters and tooling design are very important for the production of zirconium alloy products with excellent performance.Simulation is an important technical means in plastic forming process and tool structure optimization.A prerequisite for accurate simulation is to determine precise boundary conditions,such as friction factors in plastic forming process.In this study,the friction factors under the lubrication condition of Zr-4 alloy were determined by ring compression and extrusion simulation method.The reasons for the difference in friction factors measured by the two methods were discussed.The results show that when the roughness of the die (anvil)is Ra =0.6 um and the experimental temperature is 700- 800 C,the friction factor between the Zr-4 alloy and the die obtained by the ring compression is 0.18-0.27,and the friction factor increases with increasing in the experimental temperature.When the extrusion temperature is 750 C,the average friction factor of hot- extrusion obtained by extrusion simulation is 0.35.The reason for the large difference in the test results is that the shear rate of the 收稿日期：2019-01-07 基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFB0306200)基于圆环压缩和挤压–模拟法的 Zr-4 合金塑性成形摩擦 因子测定 赵乙丞1)，朱广伟1)，齐    鹏2)，张志豪1) 苣 1) 北京科技大学新材料技术研究院材料先进制备技术教育部重点实验室，北京 100083    2) 国核宝钛锆业股份公司，宝鸡 721013 苣通信作者，E-mail：ntzzh2279@163.com 摘    要    采用圆环压缩法和挤压–模拟法测定 Zr-4 合金有润滑条件下的摩擦因子，讨论了 2 种方法所测定摩擦因子存在差异 的原因. 研究结果表明，在模具（砧面）粗糙度 Ra = 0.6 μm、实验温度 700～800 ℃ 的条件下，采用圆环压缩法获得的 Zr-4 合 金与模具的摩擦因子为 0.18～0.27，摩擦因子随实验温度的升高而增大. 挤压温度为 750 ℃ 时，采用挤压–模拟法获得的热挤 压平均摩擦因子为 0.35. 测试结果存在较大差异的原因，是由于挤压过程润滑剂的剪切速率较圆环压缩实验大得多，且挤压 过程中润滑剂所受压应力约为圆环压缩实验中的两倍，从而导致润滑剂黏度的增大，表现为摩擦因子较高. 圆环压缩法获得 的摩擦因子更适合于 Zr-4 合金的锻造等热加工工况. 关键词    Zr-4 合金；玻璃润滑剂；圆环压缩；挤压–模拟；摩擦因子 分类号    TG146.4+ 14 Measurement  of  friction  factor  in  plastic  forming  of  Zr-4  alloy  based  on  ring compression and extrusion–simulation ZHAO Yi-cheng1) ，ZHU Guang-wei1) ，QI Peng2) ，ZHANG Zhi-hao1) 苣 1) Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing (MOE), Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2) State Nuclear Bao Ti Zirconium Industry Company, Baoji 721013, China 苣 Corresponding author, E-mail: ntzzh2279@163.com ABSTRACT    Nuclear-grade  zirconium  alloys  are  characterized  by  large  deformation  resistance,  poor  fluidity,  strong  viscosity,  and narrow forming temperature range. They are widely used in the nuclear industry and are a good choice for structural components and fuel  cladding  materials  for  nuclear  power  reactors.  Reasonable  process  parameters  and  tooling  design  are  very  important  for  the production  of  zirconium  alloy  products  with  excellent  performance.  Simulation  is  an  important  technical  means  in  plastic  forming process  and  tool  structure  optimization.  A  prerequisite  for  accurate  simulation  is  to  determine  precise  boundary  conditions,  such  as friction factors in plastic forming process. In this study, the friction factors under the lubrication condition of Zr-4 alloy were determined by ring compression and extrusion simulation method. The reasons for the difference in friction factors measured by the two methods were discussed. The results show that when the roughness of the die (anvil) is Ra = 0.6 μm and the experimental temperature is 700‒ 800 ℃,  the  friction  factor  between  the  Zr-4  alloy  and  the  die  obtained  by  the  ring  compression  is  0.18 ‒0.27,  and  the  friction  factor increases with increasing in the experimental temperature. When the extrusion temperature is 750 ℃, the average friction factor of hot￾extrusion  obtained  by  extrusion  simulation  is  0.35.  The  reason  for  the  large  difference  in  the  test  results  is  that  the  shear  rate  of  the 收稿日期: 2019−01−07 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2017YFB0306200） 工程科学学报，第 42 卷，第 2 期：209−215，2020 年 2 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 42, No. 2: 209−215, February 2020 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.01.07.002; http://cje.ustb.edu.cn