empirical turn philosophy can no longer be a self. contained, a pron undertaking needs to be informed, constrained by empirical work on human cognition( Flanagan 1991 Johnson 1993)“empirical turn”  philosophy can no longer be a self￾contained, a priori undertaking ◦ needs to be informed, constrained by empirical work on human cognition (Flanagan 1991, Johnson 1993)