Internationalization of Capital 105 to generate capital and technology,which it always must seek from corporate headquarters,where it has been collected for redistribution. Yet the very process by which it obtains foreign aid ensures that the state will once again be dependent in the next round.The international division of labor keeps the head separate from the hand,and each hand separate from every other.It thus weakens the potential resistance to capital control. The weakening of the state is a two-edged sword;it incapacitates the government from fulfilling social needs which require active participa- tion,support,and understanding from the population as a whole.The demonstrative effect of capitalist growth creates rising expectations which it is unable to fulfill.In older established areas,resistance and unity grow,forcing capital to tap new untainted sources as a spatial industrial reserve army.Hence the contradictory nature of in- dustrialization of the Third World. The spread of technology potentially should make everyone better off, but it appears to labor in advanced countries as a conflict for jobs.This is because their jobs and income are in fact threatened by international competition since under capitalism the burden of adjustment is placed on them.The cycle of depressed areas and depopulation which hap- pened when textiles left the northern United States,for example,now might well be occurring on a world scale.As capital leaves one group of workers for another,in a process resembling slash and burn agriculture, the advanced group is forced to lie fallow in unemployment for use later when their resistance has been weakened. The Wastefulness of Capital This process is extremely wasteful of labor,as the continuation of poverty in the United States shows.The labor of large numbers of people who cannot adapt to the discipline of the capitalist work process, or who are incapacitated by its shifting cultivation,is squandered;while the employed section is spurred on to accept discipline because of the fear of falling out.At the same time,the growth of consumption pro- duced by capitalism has a shoddy inhuman aspect.In a society based on unequal distribution of power and private ignorance,the innovator does not appeal to human needs,but to excess and immoderation. If the multinational corporations continue to expand and inter- penetrate,we will have a world economy in which the leading sectors are dominated by a few,giant world corporations,competing through advertising and innovation.The larger market,and the stress on non- price competition,most likely will lead to a faster rate of innovation on a world scale.In turn,the uncertainties created by this rapid change will This content downloaded from 202.120.14.154 on Mon,04 Jan 2016 03:31:29 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and ConditionsInternationalization of Capital 105 to generate capital and technology, which it always must seek from corporate headquarters, where it has been collected for redistribution. Yet the very process by which it obtains foreign aid ensures that the state will once again be dependent in the next round. The international division of labor keeps the head separate from the hand, and each hand separate from every other. It thus weakens the potential resistance to capital control. The weakening of the state is a two-edged sword; it incapacitates the government from fulfilling social needs which require active participa￾tion, support, and understanding from the population as a whole. The demonstrative effect of capitalist growth creates rising expectations which it is unable to fulfill. In older established areas, resistance and unity grow, forcing capital to tap new untainted sources as a spatial industrial reserve army. Hence the contradictory nature of in￾dustrialization of the Third World. The spread of technology potentially should make everyone better off, but it appears to labor in advanced countries as a conflict for jobs. This is because their jobs and income are in fact threatened by international competition since under capitalism the burden of adjustment is placed on them. The cycle of depressed areas and depopulation which hap￾pened when textiles left the northern United States, for example, now might well be occurring on a world scale. As capital leaves one group of workers for another, in a process resembling slash and burn agriculture, the advanced group is forced to lie fallow in unemployment for use later when their resistance has been weakened. The Wastefulness of Capital This process is extremely wasteful of labor, as the continuation of poverty in the United States shows. The labor of large numbers of people who cannot adapt to the discipline of the capitalist work process, or who are incapacitated by its shifting cultivation, is squandered; while the employed section is spurred on to accept discipline because of the fear of falling out. At the same time, the growth of consumption pro￾duced by capitalism has a shoddy inhuman aspect. In a society based on unequal distribution of power and private ignorance, the innovator does not appeal to human needs, but to excess and immoderation. If the multinational corporations continue to expand and inter￾penetrate, we will have a world economy in which the leading sectors are dominated by a few, giant world corporations, competing through advertising and innovation. The larger market, and the stress on non￾price competition, most likely will lead to a faster rate of innovation on a world scale. In turn, the uncertainties created by this rapid change will This content downloaded from 202.120.14.154 on Mon, 04 Jan 2016 03:31:29 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions