研究光源或经光源照射后物体透、反射颜色的学科称为色度学.这是一门有着广泛应 用的学科,目的是对人眼能观察到的颜色进行定量的测量.无论是在纺织、印染、印刷、 染料、涂料、塑料、食品、油漆、建筑等行业,还是在计量、医学、电视、电影、照相、 环境美化、交通信号、产品鉴定以及遥感、信息处理和空间光学等各个领域,都离不开对 颜色的测量和研究 色度学本身涉及到物理、生理及心理等领域的知识,是一门交叉性很强的边缘学科.为 了把“颜色”这个经过生理及心理等因素加工后的生物物理量变换到客观的纯物理量,从 而能使用光学仪器对色光进行测量,以消除那些因人而异,含混不清的颜色表达方式,需 要经过大量的科学实验,将感性认识上升到理性阶段,再去指导人们对颜色的正确测量

在19世纪,由于欧洲及北美国际贸易和 国际投资的发展,对金融服务的跨国需 求开始大大增加。国际性的融资、保险 、外汇交易活动规模在欧洲的一些大城 市如巴黎、柏林及美国一些城市日趋扩 大,尤其集中于占地2.6平方公里的伦敦 城,由此即形成最早与最主要的国际金融中心伦敦金融城

一、什么是和谐社会 1、和谐社会的历史考察1803年傅立叶发表《全世界和谐》一文;19世纪30-40年代欧文先后在美国、墨西哥创办“新和谐公社”;1842年魏特林出版《和谐与自由的保证》一书,马克思称这本书是工人阶级“史无前例的光辉灿烂的处女作

In this course we will study Classical Mechanics. Particle motion in Classical Mechanics is governed by Newton's laws and is sometimes referred to as Newtonian Mechanics. These laws are empirical in that they combine observations from nature and some intuitive concepts. Newton's laws of motion are not self evident. For instance, in Aristotelian mechanics before Newton, force was thought to be required in order

is a vector equation that relates the magnitude and direction of the force vector, to the magnitude and direction of the acceleration vector. In the previous lecture we derived expressions for the acceleration vector expressed in cartesian coordinates. This expressions can now be used in Newton's second law, to produce the equations of motion expressed in cartesian coordinates

In lecture D2 we introduced the position velocity and acceleration vectors and referred them to a fixed cartesian coordinate system. While it is clear that the choice of coordinate system does not affect the final answer, we shall see that, in practical problems, the choice of a specific system may simplify the calculations considerably. In previous lectures, all the vectors at all points in the trajectory were expressed in the

We have seen that the work done by a force F on a particle is given by dw =. dr. If the work done by F, when the particle moves from any position TI to any position T2, can be expressed as, W12=fdr=-(V(r2)-V(1)=V-v2, (1) then we say that the force is conservative. In the above expression, the scalar

In addition to the equations of linear impulse and momentum considered in the previous lecture, there is a parallel set of equations that relate the angular impulse and momentum. Angular Momentum We consider a particle of mass, m, with velocity v, moving under the influence of a force F. The angular momentum about point O is defined as the \moment\ of the particle's linear

In the previous lectures we have described particle motion as it would be seen by an observer standing still at a fixed origin. This type of motion is called absolute motion. In many situations of practical interest, we find ourselves forced to describe the motion of bodies while we are simultaneously moving with respect to a more basic reference. There are many examples were such situations occur. The absolute motion of a passenger inside an aircraft is best

Non-Inertial Reference Frame Gravitational attraction The Law of Universal Attraction was already introduced in lecture D1. The law postulates that the force of attraction between any two particles, of masses M and m, respectively, has a magnitude, F, given by F= (1) where r is the distance between the two particles, and G is the universal constant of gravitation. The value of G is empirically determined to be