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Forced Internationalization of Small and Medium-sized f Private Enterprises in China: From the Perspective of ymbiotic Dependence Affected by Institutional Environment and Innovation Capability ZHANG Jin-hua, LI Xin-chun, HE X (l School of Management, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; 2. Guangdong research Institute fo tional Strategies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510006. China Abstract: Previous internationalization theories make efforts to explore the motivations for inter nationalization and regard corporate internationalization as active behavior. However, internationalize tion theories neglecting institutional background obviously provide poor explanation for the internation alization phenomenon of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. This paper constructs a model concerning the relationship between symbiotic dependence and internationalization and makes an empir ical study by the ninth national survey of private enterprises. It reaches the following conclusions: first ly, stronger dependence of small and medium-sized enterprises on business ecosystem leads to greater tendency towards internationalization to weaken this dependence; secondly, in locations with high-de- gree marketization, enterprises have the opportunity to choose other adaptable strategies for the pur pose of the reduction in the dependence on the out side world and their urgency of internationalization weakens instead; thirdly, with the rise in innovation technology capabilities, enterprises are more able to for lt an internationalization route of small and medium-sized enterprises which is more in line with the actual situation in China and suggests a more competitive analytical framework, namely forced internationali zation, on the basis of existing theories. Key words: symbiotic dependence; business ecosystem; institution; innov zation (责任编辑周一叶) 国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库财 经研 究 2014年第1期 [26]oviattBM，McDougaiiPP．Towardatheoryofinternati。na1newVentnres[J]．Journal()fl“。““。”ll5 nessStudies。1994，25(1)：45— 64． E27]oviattBM，Mcdouga1lIP．Defininginternationalentrepreneurshipandmodelingthespel。{、 ” ‘’“h zationLJ]．EntrepraleurshipTheoryandPractice，2005，29(5)：537—553· r28]PengM w ，I Y，XeE,eta1．CEO dua~ity,organizationalslack，andfirm per[0rm KeiaChina_j]·AsaP“ cifi(，Journa1ofManagemenl，2010，27(4)：611-624． r29]PfefferJAPN． ntventu andinterorganizationaIinterdepcndenccⅢ ．AdministrativeScienceQ“ 。ly- 1976，21(3)：398 418． r3O]Pfefferj，SalancikR (；．Fheexternalcontrolo【。rganizalions：A rc lrcede}]endcncepersI)ectiVcLM -S 一 fordUniversity Press，2OO3- [31]Priem RI，ButlerJE．Istheresource—based“view”ausefulperspectiveforstrategcmanagemen rcsearch‘ rJ1．AcademyofManagementReview，2001，26(1)：22-40． 厂32]VilIanuevaJ，VanDeVenA H，SapienzaH J．Resourcemobilizationinentrepreneum li㈣ sLJJ·Journalot BllsinessVenturing，2012，27(1)：19— 30． F0rced Internationalization ofSmalland M edium—sized PrivateEnterprisesin China：From thePerspectiveof Sym bioticDependenceAffected by Institutional Environmentand Innovation Capability ZHANG Jin—hua．IIXin—chun ，HE Xuan (1．sfho()￡o，』、nn“g "1enf。S“" Y f—SenUniversity，Guangzh(川 510275，Chbl“；2．Guangdo”gNesearch Instit 岛rinternat nIStrategies，GuuHgdo7tgUniversityofForeignStudie，Ouangzhtm 510006,Chinu Abstract：Previousinternationalization theoriesmakeeffortsto explore themotlvatonstorinter￾nationalizationandregard corporateinternationalization asactive behavior·However，internationahza￾tion theoriesneglectinginstitutionalbackgroundobviouslyprovidepoorexplanationfortheinternation￾alization phenomenonofsmalland m edium—sized enterprisesin China．ThispaperconstructsamodeI concem ingtherelationshipbetweensymbioticdependenceandinternationalizationandmakesanem pr— icalstudvbvtheninth nationalsurveyofprivateenterprises．Itreachesthefollowingconclusons：first￾Iv，strongerdependenceofsmalland medium—sized enterpriseson businessecosystem leadsto greater tendencytowardsinternationalization to weaken thisdependence；secondly，in locationsw th hgh—de— greemarketization，enterpriseshave theopportunity to chooseotheradaptable strategesforthePur Doseofthereduction in thedependenceon theoutsideworld and theirurgency ofinternatonalzat。n weakensinstead；thirdly，withtheriseininnovationtechnologycapabilities，enterprisesa moreableto reducethedependenceonbusinessecosystem andhavemoremotiveforinternationalizaton·ItPresents aninternationalizationrouteofsmallandmedium—sizedenterpriseswhichismoreinlinewiththeactual situation in Chinaandsuggestsam orecompetitiveanalyticalframework，nam elyforced nternatonal1一 zation，onthebasisofexistingtheories． Key words：symbioticdependence； businessecosystem ； institution； innovation； nternatonal一 zatlon · 92 · (责任编辑 周一叶)